HR 1852 · 113th Congress 2013–2015, ended

Email Privacy Act

Latest action · Jun 14, 2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.

Progress

Where this bill reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.

  1. IntroducedMay 7, 2013
  2. Passed HouseNot reached
  3. Passed SenateNot reached
  4. To the PresidentNot reached
  5. Became lawNot reached

Summary

Email Privacy Act - Amends the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 to prohibit a provider of remote computing service or electronic communication service to the public from knowingly divulging to any governmental entity the contents of any communication that is in electronic storage or otherwise maintained by the provider.

Revises provisions under which the government may require, pursuant to a warrant, the disclosure by such a provider of the contents of such communications. Eliminates the different requirements applicable under current law depending on whether such communications were stored for fewer than, or more than, 180 days. Requires a law enforcement agency, within 10 days after receiving the contents of a customer's communication, or a governmental entity, within 3 days, to provide the customer a copy of the warrant and a notice that such information was requested by, and supplied to, the government entity.

Provides that nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of a governmental entity to use an administrative or civil discovery subpoena to: (1) require an originator or recipient of an electronic communication to disclose the contents of such communication to the governmental entity; or (2) require an entity that provides electronic communication services to employees or agents of the entity to disclose the contents of an electronic communication to or from such employee or agent to a governmental entity if the communication is held, stored, or maintained on an electronic communications system owned or operated by the entity.

Authorizes a governmental entity that is: (1) seeking a warrant for the contents of communications to include in the application a request for an order delaying the notification required for up to 180 days, in the case of a law enforcement agency, or up to 90 days, in the case of any other governmental entity; and (2) obtaining the contents of a communication, or information or records, to apply to a court for an order directing a provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service to which a warrant, order, subpoena, or other directive is directed not to notify any other person of the existence of the directive for up to 180 days, in the case of of a law enforcement agency, or up to 90 days, in the case of any other governmental entity. Provides for extensions.

Requires service providers, after such extension, to provide the government three business days' notice of their intent to inform a customer or subscriber that the provider has disclosed the individual's electronic communications information to the government.

Directs the Comptroller General to report to Congress by September 30, 2015, regarding the disclosure by electronic communication service providers of customer communications and records, including an analysis and evaluation of such disclosure under provisions: (1) as in effect before the enactment of this Act, and (2) as amended by this Act.

Cosponsors 272

Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from May 7, 2013 to Nov 17, 2014; 1 is an original cosponsor, there from the day it was introduced.

SeatCosponsorSigned on
R-GATom GravesOriginalMay 7, 2013
R-KYAndy BarrMay 20, 2013
R-MDAndy HarrisMay 20, 2013
D-MSBennie G. ThompsonMay 20, 2013
R-MIBill HuizengaMay 20, 2013
R-TNCharles J. "Chuck" FleischmannMay 20, 2013
R-PACharles W. DentMay 20, 2013
D-GAHenry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr.May 20, 2013
R-GAJack KingstonMay 20, 2013
D-COJared PolisMay 20, 2013
R-SCJeff DuncanMay 20, 2013
R-OKJim BridenstineMay 20, 2013
R-TXJoe BartonMay 20, 2013
R-TXJohn Abney CulbersonMay 20, 2013
R-LAJohn FlemingMay 20, 2013
I-MIJustin AmashMay 20, 2013
R-NJLeonard LanceMay 20, 2013
R-TNMarsha BlackburnMay 20, 2013
D-NMMichelle Lujan GrishamMay 20, 2013
R-SCMick MulvaneyMay 20, 2013
R-KSMike PompeoMay 20, 2013
R-PAPatrick MeehanMay 20, 2013
R-TXRandy K. Weber, Sr.May 20, 2013
R-FLRichard B. NugentMay 20, 2013
R-ILRodney DavisMay 20, 2013
R-FLSteve Southerland IIMay 20, 2013
R-TXSteve StockmanMay 20, 2013
R-FLTed S. YohoMay 20, 2013
R-KSTim HuelskampMay 20, 2013
R-INTodd RokitaMay 20, 2013
R-SCTom RiceMay 20, 2013
R-SCTrey GowdyMay 20, 2013
R-MOVicky HartzlerMay 20, 2013
D-PAAllyson Y. SchwartzMay 22, 2013
R-FLAnder CrenshawMay 22, 2013
R-MOAnn WagnerMay 22, 2013
R-PABill ShusterMay 22, 2013
R-OHBob GibbsMay 22, 2013
D-ILBobby L. RushMay 22, 2013
D-IABruce L. BraleyMay 22, 2013
R-CADavid G. ValadaoMay 22, 2013
R-TNDavid P. RoeMay 22, 2013
R-CADuncan HunterMay 22, 2013
R-KYEd WhitfieldMay 22, 2013
D-MOEmanuel CleaverMay 22, 2013
R-FLGus M. BilirakisMay 22, 2013
R-PAJim GerlachMay 22, 2013
R-SCJoe WilsonMay 22, 2013
R-CAJohn CampbellMay 22, 2013
R-ILJohn ShimkusMay 22, 2013
R-TXK. Michael ConawayMay 22, 2013
R-TXKay GrangerMay 22, 2013
R-CAKen CalvertMay 22, 2013
R-INLarry BucshonMay 22, 2013
R-NELee TerryMay 22, 2013
R-PALou BarlettaMay 22, 2013
R-GALynn A. WestmorelandMay 22, 2013
R-INMarlin A. StutzmanMay 22, 2013
R-NYMichael G. GrimmMay 22, 2013
R-IDMichael K. SimpsonMay 22, 2013
R-PAMike KellyMay 22, 2013
R-ALMo BrooksMay 22, 2013
R-OHPatrick J. TiberiMay 22, 2013
R-NCPatrick T. McHenryMay 22, 2013
D-AZRaúl M. GrijalvaMay 22, 2013
R-NCRenee L. EllmersMay 22, 2013
R-ALRobert B. AderholtMay 22, 2013
R-MOSam GravesMay 22, 2013
R-COScott R. TiptonMay 22, 2013
R-TNStephen Lee FincherMay 22, 2013
R-OHSteve StiversMay 22, 2013
R-KYThomas MassieMay 22, 2013
R-ARTim GriffinMay 22, 2013
R-PATom MarinoMay 22, 2013
R-NCWalter B. JonesMay 22, 2013
R-MSAlan NunneleeJun 5, 2013
D-CAAnna G. EshooJun 5, 2013
R-TXBlake FarentholdJun 5, 2013
R-OHDavid P. JoyceJun 5, 2013
D-NJDonald M. Payne, Jr.Jun 5, 2013
D-VAGerald E. ConnollyJun 5, 2013
D-CTJames A. HimesJun 5, 2013
R-TNJohn J. Duncan, Jr.Jun 5, 2013
R-MIKerry L. BentivolioJun 5, 2013
D-NJRush HoltJun 5, 2013
R-INTodd YoungJun 5, 2013
R-ARTom CottonJun 5, 2013
R-FLVern BuchananJun 5, 2013
D-MOWm. Lacy ClayJun 5, 2013
D-NHCarol Shea-PorterJun 12, 2013
I-AZKyrsten SinemaJun 12, 2013
R-KSLynn JenkinsJun 12, 2013
R-NYTom ReedJun 12, 2013
R-FLTrey RadelJun 12, 2013
R-MOBilly LongJun 17, 2013
D-MAMichael E. CapuanoJun 17, 2013
D-MEMichael H. MichaudJun 17, 2013
D-ORPeter A. DeFazioJun 17, 2013
D-VTPeter WelchJun 17, 2013
R-AREric A. "Rick" CrawfordJun 18, 2013
R-OHRobert E. LattaJun 18, 2013
R-CATom McClintockJun 18, 2013
D-ILWilliam L. EnyartJun 18, 2013
D-TXBeto O'RourkeJun 26, 2013
D-ILJanice D. SchakowskyJun 26, 2013
R-NVMark E. AmodeiJun 26, 2013
R-OKMarkwayne MullinJun 26, 2013
R-GAPaul C. BrounJun 26, 2013
R-ARSteve WomackJun 26, 2013
R-CAJeff DenhamJun 27, 2013
D-OHMarcia L. FudgeJun 27, 2013
R-MOBlaine LuetkemeyerJul 9, 2013
D-WADerek KilmerJul 9, 2013
D-DCEleanor Holmes NortonJul 9, 2013
R-WIF. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.Jul 9, 2013
D-CAJackie SpeierJul 9, 2013
D-PAMatt CartwrightJul 9, 2013
R-TXMichael C. BurgessJul 9, 2013
D-NCMike McIntyreJul 9, 2013
R-MITim WalbergJul 9, 2013
D-CABarbara LeeJul 17, 2013
R-CADoug LaMalfaJul 17, 2013
D-TXGene GreenJul 17, 2013
D-MAJames P. McGovernJul 17, 2013
D-NYJerrold NadlerJul 17, 2013
D-CAJerry McNerneyJul 17, 2013
R-OHJim JordanJul 17, 2013
D-MNKeith EllisonJul 17, 2013
D-NYLouise McIntosh SlaughterJul 17, 2013
R-ALMartha RobyJul 17, 2013
D-CAMichael M. HondaJul 17, 2013
D-TNSteve CohenJul 17, 2013
R-GAAustin ScottJul 23, 2013
D-ORKurt SchraderJul 23, 2013
R-NCRichard HudsonJul 23, 2013
R-LASteve ScaliseJul 23, 2013
D-MNBetty McCollumAug 1, 2013
D-NYJose E. SerranoSep 18, 2013
D-WIMark PocanSep 18, 2013
D-PAMichael F. DoyleOct 22, 2013
D-NYPaul TonkoOct 22, 2013
D-ORSuzanne BonamiciOct 22, 2013
R-WYCynthia M. LummisNov 19, 2013
R-FLDennis A. RossNov 19, 2013
D-CAJulia BrownleyNov 19, 2013
R-FLMario Diaz-BalartNov 19, 2013
R-IDRaul R. LabradorNov 19, 2013
R-OHBrad R. WenstrupNov 21, 2013
R-KYBrett GuthrieNov 21, 2013
R-FLDaniel WebsterNov 21, 2013
R-NCHoward CobleNov 21, 2013
R-MOJason SmithNov 21, 2013
R-INLuke MesserNov 21, 2013
R-ILRandy HultgrenNov 21, 2013
R-WIReid J. RibbleNov 21, 2013
R-FLThomas J. RooneyNov 21, 2013
R-TXPete SessionsDec 4, 2013
D-MDElijah E. CummingsDec 11, 2013
D-ILDaniel LipinskiDec 12, 2013
R-AZDavid SchweikertDec 12, 2013
R-PAGlenn ThompsonDec 12, 2013
R-GAPhil GingreyDec 12, 2013
R-OHSteve ChabotDec 12, 2013
R-CADana RohrabacherJan 7, 2014
R-TNDiane BlackJan 7, 2014
R-MNErik PaulsenJan 7, 2014
D-MEChellie PingreeJan 9, 2014
R-NJScott GarrettJan 16, 2014
D-VAJames P. MoranJan 27, 2014
D-MIJohn Conyers, Jr.Jan 27, 2014
D-WASuzan K. DelBeneJan 28, 2014
D-CAAlan S. LowenthalFeb 5, 2014
R-NEJeff FortenberryFeb 6, 2014
D-MARichard E. NealFeb 10, 2014
R-GARob WoodallFeb 10, 2014
D-MDDonna F. EdwardsFeb 25, 2014
R-TXMichael T. McCaulFeb 25, 2014
D-ILMike QuigleyFeb 25, 2014
R-TXRoger WilliamsFeb 25, 2014
R-IATom LathamFeb 25, 2014
R-NYChristopher P. GibsonFeb 27, 2014
R-NCMark MeadowsMar 5, 2014
R-WAJaime Herrera BeutlerMar 11, 2014
R-NMStevan PearceMar 11, 2014
D-FLAlan GraysonMar 26, 2014
D-NMBen Ray LujánMar 26, 2014
D-NCG. K. ButterfieldMar 26, 2014
D-TXHenry CuellarMar 26, 2014
D-CAMark TakanoMar 26, 2014
D-MANiki TsongasMar 26, 2014
D-MNRichard M. NolanMar 26, 2014
D-TXSheila Jackson LeeMar 26, 2014
D-NYSteve IsraelApr 1, 2014
R-COCory GardnerApr 3, 2014
R-TXKenny MarchantApr 3, 2014
R-TXPete OlsonApr 3, 2014
D-CAJohn GaramendiApr 4, 2014
D-RIDavid N. CicillineApr 8, 2014
R-SDKristi L. NoemApr 9, 2014
R-MTSteve DainesApr 10, 2014
R-MIDan BenishekApr 28, 2014
R-NJFrank A. LoBiondoApr 28, 2014
D-FLFrederica S. WilsonApr 28, 2014
D-WAJim McDermottApr 28, 2014
D-MAJohn F. TierneyApr 28, 2014
R-LACharles W. Boustany, Jr.Apr 29, 2014
D-CARaul RuizApr 29, 2014
D-CASam FarrMay 6, 2014
D-TXFilemon VelaMay 7, 2014
D-MIGary C. PetersMay 9, 2014
D-FLJoe GarciaMay 20, 2014
D-CODiana DeGetteMay 28, 2014
D-TXLloyd DoggettMay 28, 2014
D-VARobert C. "Bobby" ScottMay 29, 2014
D-NYGregory W. MeeksJun 9, 2014
R-FLRon DeSantisJun 12, 2014
D-LACedric L. RichmondJun 17, 2014
D-FLTheodore E. DeutchJun 17, 2014
R-GADoug CollinsJun 19, 2014
R-UTJason ChaffetzJun 19, 2014
D-GAJohn LewisJul 8, 2014
R-AZPaul A. GosarJul 8, 2014
D-MISander M. LevinJul 8, 2014
R-TXTed PoeJul 8, 2014
D-PAChaka FattahJul 10, 2014
D-AZEd PastorJul 10, 2014
D-NYYvette D. ClarkeJul 10, 2014
D-CAJudy ChuJul 14, 2014
R-FLJeff MillerJul 22, 2014
R-FLDavid W. JollyJul 28, 2014
R-AKDon YoungJul 28, 2014
R-OHMichael R. TurnerJul 28, 2014
R-COMike CoffmanJul 28, 2014
R-WVShelley Moore CapitoJul 28, 2014
R-LAVance M. McAllisterJul 28, 2014
R-ILAaron SchockJul 29, 2014
R-TXBill FloresJul 29, 2014
R-SCMark SanfordJul 29, 2014
R-TXRalph M. HallJul 29, 2014
R-WISean P. DuffyJul 29, 2014
R-GATom PriceJul 29, 2014
D-NHAnn M. KusterJul 30, 2014
R-WACathy McMorris RodgersJul 30, 2014
D-NYEliot L. EngelJul 30, 2014
R-ILPeter J. RoskamJul 30, 2014
R-MSSteven M. PalazzoJul 30, 2014
R-OKTom ColeJul 30, 2014
R-OHBill JohnsonJul 31, 2014
R-FLBill PoseyJul 31, 2014
R-NYChris CollinsJul 31, 2014
D-FLCorrine BrownJul 31, 2014
R-WVDavid B. McKinleyJul 31, 2014
R-CADevin NunesJul 31, 2014
R-WADoc HastingsJul 31, 2014
D-OREarl BlumenauerJul 31, 2014
R-OKFrank D. LucasJul 31, 2014
D-CAGloria Negrete McLeodJul 31, 2014
R-OHJames B. RenacciJul 31, 2014
R-TXKevin BradyJul 31, 2014
R-NDKevin CramerJul 31, 2014
R-PAMichael G. FitzpatrickJul 31, 2014
D-NYDaniel B. MaffeiAug 1, 2014
R-ALSpencer BachusAug 1, 2014
R-UTChris StewartSep 10, 2014
D-COEd PerlmutterSep 10, 2014
R-VAH. Morgan GriffithSep 17, 2014
D-ILTammy DuckworthSep 18, 2014
R-WIThomas E. PetriSep 18, 2014
D-CAEric SwalwellSep 19, 2014
R-TNScott DesJarlaisSep 19, 2014
D-CALois CappsNov 14, 2014
R-TXLamar SmithNov 17, 2014

Committees 1

Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.

ChamberCommitteeWhat it did
HouseJudiciary Committee
Referred May 7, 2013
Crime and Federal Government Surveillance Subcommittee
Referred Jun 14, 2013

Actions 3

Everything that happened, newest first.

  1. Jun 14, 2013Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.
  2. May 7, 2013Introduced in House
  3. May 7, 2013Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

In the Congressional Record 4

Days the Record’s own index lists this bill, newest first, with the pages and the members it names. Pages starting H are the House, S the Senate, E Extensions of Remarks.

WhereIn the RecordMembersDate
HouseDebate and remarks H4998Paul A. Gosar R-AZMay 29, 2014
HouseDebate and remarks H1730Kevin Yoder R-KSFeb 11, 2014
HouseDebate and remarks H7700Kevin Yoder R-KSDec 12, 2013
HouseDebate and remarks H4867Richard B. Nugent R-FLJul 23, 2013

Research

What has been written about this bill: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.

Constitutional authority

[Pages H7252-H7253] From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [ www.gpo.gov ] By Mr. JOHNSON of Ohio: H.R. 3542. Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant to the following: According to Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the Constitution: The Congress shall have power to enact this legislation to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. ADDITIONAL SPONSORS Under clause 7 of rule XII, sponsors were added to public bills and resolutions as follows: H.R. 120: Ms. Edwards. H.R. 259: Mr. Kingston. H.R. 270: Mr. Ellison and Mr. Honda. H.R. 274: Mr. Keating. H.R. 351: Mr. McKeon. H.R. 543: Mr. Bishop of New York. H.R. 647: Mr. Mulvaney, Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mr. Collins of Georgia, and Ms. Jackson Lee. H.R. 669: Mrs. Christensen. H.R. 676: Ms. McCollum. H.R. 685: Mr. Vela, Mr. Messer, Mr. Duncan of Tennessee, and Mrs. McMorris Rodgers. H.R. 713: Mr. Gibbs, Mrs. Wagner, Mr. LaMalfa, and Mr. Honda. H.R. 715: Mr. McNerney and Mr. Perlmutter. H.R. 809: Mr. Fincher. H.R. 919: Mr. Ryan of Ohio. H.R. 997: Mr. Latham and Mrs. Miller of Michigan. H.R. 1020: Ms. Foxx. H.R. 1024: Mr. Barrow of Georgia. H.R. 1124: Mrs. Beatty. H.R. 1179: Mr. Cohen and Mrs. Christensen. H.R. 1199: Mr. Garcia. H.R. 1209: Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Graves of Georgia, Mr. Pittenger, Mr. Ben Ray Lujan of New Mexico, Mr. King of New York, and Ms. Fudge. H.R. 1248: Mr. Bachus. H.R. 1310: Mr. Lamborn. H.R. 1339: Mr. Lipinski and Mrs. Capito. H.R. 1428: Mr. Price of North Carolina. H.R. 1429: Mr. Bishop of New York. H.R. 1449: Mr. Ross, Mr. Diaz-Balart, Mrs. Lummis, and Mr. Southerland. H.R. 1461: Mr. Hunter and Mr. Nugent. H.R. 1518: Mr. Rodney Davis of Illinois, Mr. Crenshaw, and Mr. Bilirakis. H.R. 1563: Ms. Frankel of Florida, Ms. Wasserman Schultz, and Mr. Graves of Missouri. H.R. 1601: Mr. Cartwright. H.R. 1616: Mr. Gibson. H.R. 1666: Ms. Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico, Mr. Lipinski, and Ms. Eshoo. H.R. 1717: Mr. David Scott of Georgia and Ms. Kuster. H.R. 1726: Ms. Frankel of Florida. H.R. 1761: Mr. Roe of Tennessee. H.R. 1779: Mr. Peterson. H.R. 1830: Ms. Esty. H.R. 1851: Ms. Kuster and Mr. Horsford. H.R. 1852: Mr. Ross, Mr. Diaz-Balart, Mrs. Lummis, Mr. Labrador, and Ms. Brownley of California. H.R. 1869: Mr. Wittman. H.R. 1878: Ms. Frankel of Florida. H.R. 1920: Mr. Rigell. H.R. 1985: Mr. Goodlatte. H.R. 1992: Mr. Kinzinger of Illinois and Mr. Sires. H.R. 2027: Mr. Cassidy. H.R. 2028: Mr. Tierney. H.R. 2144: Mr. Duncan of South Carolina. H.R. 2305: Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania. H.R. 2385: Mrs. Wagner. H.R. 2446: Mrs. Wagner. H.R. 2553: Ms. Moore, Ms. Schwartz, Ms. Titus, and Mr. George Miller of California. H.R. 2560: Mr. Rangel. H.R. 2607: Mrs. Carolyn B. Maloney of New York, Mr. Israel, and Mr. Pocan. H.R. 2619: Mr. Lowenthal. H.R. 2663: Mr. Ross. H.R. 2697: Mr. Bishop of New York, Ms. Kuster, and Mr. Johnson of Georgia. H.R. 2703: Mr. Doyle. H.R. 2725: Mr. Tiberi, Mr. Stutzman, and Ms. Wasserman Schultz. H.R. 2785: Mr. Renacci. H.R. 2791: Mr. Gibson and Mr. Huizenga of Michigan. H.R. 2818: Mr. Grijalva. H.R. 2945: Mr. Roskam. H.R. 3040: Mr. Gene Green of Texas. H.R. 3105: Mr. Goodlatte and Mr. Cotton. H.R. 3111: Mr. Johnson of Ohio. H.R. 3121: Mr. Renacci. H.R. 3125: Mr. Butterfield, Mr. Braley of Iowa, Mr. Danny K. Davis of Illinois, Mr. Clay, Mr. Cohen, Mr. Rodney Davis of Illinois, and Mr. Loebsack. H.R. 3135: Ms. McCollum. H.R. 3143: Mr. Israel. H.R. 3163: Mr. Moran. H.R. 3169: Mr. Burgess. H.R. 3189: Mr. Poe of Texas. H.R. 3206: Ms. Frankel of Florida. H.R. 3211: Mr. Fitzpatrick. H.R. 3240: Mr. Foster. H.R. 3297: Ms. Schakowsky. H.R. 3299: Mr. Ribble, Mr. Harris, Mr. Bentivolio, Mr. Boustany, and Mr. Roskam. H.R. 3303: Mr. Bilirakis. H.R. 3308: Mr. Pittenger. H.R. 3309: Mr. Johnson of Ohio and Mr. Larsen of Washington. H.R. 3322: Mr. Rangel. H.R. 3327: Mrs. Bustos. H.R. 3333: Mr. Pet[...]

The sponsor’s statement, as printed in the page H7253.

Printed hearings 1

Hearings whose printed record names this bill, newest first: hearings on it, and wider hearings where it came up.

NumberHearingCommitteeHeld
Serial No. 113-77FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION79 pagesJudiciary CommitteeJun 11, 2014

Related bills 3

Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.

BillTitleRelationshipLatest action
S 607Electronic Communications Privacy Act Amendments Act of 2013Related billMay 16, 2013
HR 1847Electronic Communications Privacy Act Amendments Act of 2013Related billJun 14, 2013
HR 3557REAP Act of 2013Related billJan 9, 2014

Titles 2

Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.

Official Title as Introduced
To amend title 18, United States Code, to update the privacy protections for electronic communications information that is stored by third-party service providers in order to protect consumer privacy interests while meeting law enforcement needs, and for other purposes.
Short Titles as Introduced
Email Privacy Act

Subjects

Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Crime and Law Enforcement.

Text 1

Each version as it was printed, newest first.

  1. May 7, 2013Introduced in House

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Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this bill on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.