BRACE Act of 2019
Latest action · Jan 11, 2019 Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
Progress
Where this bill reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.
- IntroducedJan 11, 2019
- Passed HouseNot reached
- Passed SenateNot reached
- To the PresidentNot reached
- Became lawNot reached
Summary
Building Rail Access for Customers and the Economy Act of 2019 or the BRACE Act of 2019
This bill permanently extends the tax credit for railroad track maintenance. The extension applies to expenditures paid or incurred during tax years beginning after 2017. Assignments of miles of railroad track, including related expenditures, for tax years ending after 2017 must be treated as timely if they are made pursuant to a written agreement entered into within 90 days of the enactment of this bill.
Cosponsors 302
Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Jan 11, 2019 to Jun 11, 2020; 1 is an original cosponsor, there from the day it was introduced.
| Seat | Cosponsor | Signed on | |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-PA | Mike Kelly | Original | Jan 11, 2019 |
| R-OH | Bill Johnson | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Daniel Lipinski | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| D-IA | David Loebsack | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| R-NC | David Rouzer | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| D-CO | Diana DeGette | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Filemon Vela | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| R-IN | Jackie Walorski | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| R-KS | Steve Watkins | Jan 22, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Brian Higgins | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-AR | Bruce Westerman | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-TN | Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Cheri Bustos | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-TN | David P. Roe | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-AK | Don Young | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-DC | Eleanor Holmes Norton | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-NY | Elise M. Stefanik | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Glenn Thompson | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Jared Huffman | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Jerrold Nadler | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-CT | Joe Courtney | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-CA | John Garamendi | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Julia Brownley | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-OK | Markwayne Mullin | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| I-MI | Paul Mitchell | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-OR | Peter A. DeFazio | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-KS | Ron Estes | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Sam Graves | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| R-AR | Steve Womack | Jan 23, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Albio Sires | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-KY | Andy Barr | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Brad R. Wenstrup | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| D-ME | Chellie Pingree | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-NY | Chris Collins | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-MI | Jack Bergman | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-KY | James Comer | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-MI | John R. Moolenaar | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Michael R. Turner | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-NY | Peter T. King | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Robin L. Kelly | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| R-IN | Susan W. Brooks | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| D-OH | Tim Ryan | Jan 24, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Lucille Roybal-Allard | Jan 25, 2019 | |
| D-MD | C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| D-MN | Collin C. Peterson | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| R-OH | David P. Joyce | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Derek Kilmer | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Jason Smith | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| D-AZ | Raúl M. Grijalva | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| R-KS | Roger Marshall | Jan 28, 2019 | |
| D-FL | Alcee L. Hastings | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-NH | Ann M. Kuster | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Bob Gibbs | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-IL | Darin LaHood | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-RI | David N. Cicilline | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Denny Heck | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-NV | Dina Titus | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-CA | Duncan Hunter | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-TX | K. Michael Conaway | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-NC | Mark Meadows | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Matt Cartwright | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Neal P. Dunn | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-VT | Peter Welch | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-LA | Ralph Lee Abraham | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| D-GA | Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-TN | Scott DesJarlais | Jan 30, 2019 | |
| R-KY | Brett Guthrie | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| R-AR | Eric A. "Rick" Crawford | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| D-WI | Gwen Moore | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Katie Hill | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| R-AL | Mike Rogers | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Scott Perry | Feb 4, 2019 | |
| D-MN | Betty McCollum | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Bill Flores | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Billy Long | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-WI | F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Guy Reschenthaler | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-MA | James P. McGovern | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Jody B. Hice | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-IN | Larry Bucshon | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-FL | Lois Frankel | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Michael F. Doyle | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-IL | Rodney Davis | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-CT | Rosa L. DeLauro | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| R-WI | Sean P. Duffy | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-OR | Suzanne Bonamici | Feb 5, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Adam Smith | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Anthony Brindisi | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| D-NC | David E. Price | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| R-SD | Dusty Johnson | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| R-MT | Greg Gianforte | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| D-OR | Kurt Schrader | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| D-AL | Terri A. Sewell | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| R-NY | Tom Reed | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Will Hurd | Feb 6, 2019 | |
| R-MD | Andy Harris | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Blaine Luetkemeyer | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Brian Babin | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-CO | Doug Lamborn | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Jerry McNerney | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-TX | John R. Carter | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Kay Granger | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Roger Williams | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Scott H. Peters | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-MN | Tom Emmer | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Tom Graves | Feb 11, 2019 | |
| D-MI | Daniel T. Kildee | Feb 12, 2019 | |
| D-OH | Marcy Kaptur | Feb 12, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Bill Pascrell, Jr. | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Bobby L. Rush | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| R-AL | Bradley Byrne | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| R-MI | Fred Upton | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Louie Gohmert | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| D-WI | Mark Pocan | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Vicky Hartzler | Feb 13, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Steve Stivers | Feb 14, 2019 | |
| R-WA | Dan Newhouse | Feb 25, 2019 | |
| D-FL | Al Lawson, Jr. | Feb 26, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Henry Cuellar | Feb 26, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Ross Spano | Feb 26, 2019 | |
| D-AZ | Tom O'Halleran | Feb 26, 2019 | |
| D-LA | Cedric L. Richmond | Feb 27, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Conor Lamb | Feb 27, 2019 | |
| D-WI | Ron Kind | Feb 27, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Alan S. Lowenthal | Mar 4, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Jesús G. "Chuy" García | Mar 4, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Michael T. McCaul | Mar 4, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Susan Wild | Mar 4, 2019 | |
| R-MI | Bill Huizenga | Mar 5, 2019 | |
| D-MD | Jamie Raskin | Mar 5, 2019 | |
| R-NC | Richard Hudson | Mar 5, 2019 | |
| D-MA | Stephen F. Lynch | Mar 5, 2019 | |
| D-NC | G. K. Butterfield | Mar 8, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Lance Gooden | Mar 8, 2019 | |
| R-OR | Greg Walden | Mar 11, 2019 | |
| D-KS | Sharice Davids | Mar 11, 2019 | |
| D-NM | Xochitl Torres Small | Mar 11, 2019 | |
| D-MN | Angie Craig | Mar 18, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Gerald E. Connolly | Mar 18, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Jim Costa | Mar 18, 2019 | |
| R-WV | Alexander X. Mooney | Mar 21, 2019 | |
| R-MN | Pete Stauber | Mar 21, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Troy Balderson | Mar 21, 2019 | |
| R-SC | Jeff Duncan | Mar 25, 2019 | |
| R-IL | John Shimkus | Mar 25, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Randy K. Weber, Sr. | Mar 25, 2019 | |
| D-MA | Seth Moulton | Mar 27, 2019 | |
| D-AZ | Ann Kirkpatrick | Mar 28, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Brendan F. Boyle | Mar 28, 2019 | |
| R-OK | Kevin Hern | Mar 28, 2019 | |
| D-AZ | Ruben Gallego | Mar 28, 2019 | |
| D-IA | Cynthia Axne | Mar 29, 2019 | |
| D-MD | Elijah E. Cummings | Mar 29, 2019 | |
| D-CT | John B. Larson | Mar 29, 2019 | |
| R-ND | Kelly Armstrong | Mar 29, 2019 | |
| R-CA | Paul Cook | Apr 3, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Donald S. Beyer, Jr. | Apr 8, 2019 | |
| R-MN | Jim Hagedorn | Apr 8, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Josh Harder | Apr 8, 2019 | |
| R-IL | Mike Bost | Apr 8, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Suzan K. DelBene | Apr 8, 2019 | |
| R-WA | Jaime Herrera Beutler | Apr 10, 2019 | |
| D-IA | Abby Finkenauer | Apr 12, 2019 | |
| R-IN | Greg Pence | Apr 12, 2019 | |
| R-TN | Tim Burchett | Apr 12, 2019 | |
| R-NY | John Katko | Apr 15, 2019 | |
| D-MA | Lori Trahan | Apr 22, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Raja Krishnamoorthi | Apr 25, 2019 | |
| D-MD | David J. Trone | Apr 29, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Tj Cox | Apr 29, 2019 | |
| D-ME | Jared F. Golden | Apr 30, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Jodey C. Arrington | Apr 30, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Thomas R. Suozzi | May 1, 2019 | |
| D-IN | André Carson | May 2, 2019 | |
| R-VA | Denver Riggleman | May 2, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Elaine G. Luria | May 3, 2019 | |
| D-CT | James A. Himes | May 3, 2019 | |
| R-MO | Ann Wagner | May 7, 2019 | |
| D-MN | Dean Phillips | May 7, 2019 | |
| D-MI | Debbie Dingell | May 7, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Linda T. Sánchez | May 7, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Michael Waltz | May 7, 2019 | |
| D-VA | A. Donald McEachin | May 9, 2019 | |
| R-IL | Adam Kinzinger | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-FL | Charlie Crist | May 9, 2019 | |
| R-NE | Don Bacon | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-CO | Ed Perlmutter | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Frank Pallone, Jr. | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-FL | Frederica S. Wilson | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-RI | James R. Langevin | May 9, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Rick W. Allen | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-TN | Steve Cohen | May 9, 2019 | |
| D-MN | Ilhan Omar | May 14, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Lloyd Smucker | May 14, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Ted S. Yoho | May 14, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Andy Kim | May 16, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Bradley Scott Schneider | May 16, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Donald M. Payne, Jr. | May 16, 2019 | |
| R-MS | Steven M. Palazzo | May 16, 2019 | |
| R-VA | Ben Cline | May 17, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Steve Chabot | May 17, 2019 | |
| R-TX | John Ratcliffe | May 21, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Jennifer Wexton | May 22, 2019 | |
| D-KY | John A. Yarmuth | May 22, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Joseph D. Morelle | May 22, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Pete Olson | May 22, 2019 | |
| R-VA | Robert J. Wittman | May 22, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Robert C. "Bobby" Scott | May 23, 2019 | |
| D-VA | Abigail Davis Spanberger | May 24, 2019 | |
| R-OK | Frank D. Lucas | May 24, 2019 | |
| R-WA | Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Jun 4, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Doris O. Matsui | Jun 4, 2019 | |
| D-MO | Emanuel Cleaver | Jun 4, 2019 | |
| R-AR | J. French Hill | Jun 4, 2019 | |
| D-OK | Kendra S. Horn | Jun 10, 2019 | |
| R-NY | Lee M. Zeldin | Jun 10, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Mario Diaz-Balart | Jun 10, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Paul Tonko | Jun 10, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Ro Khanna | Jun 10, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Eric Swalwell | Jun 11, 2019 | |
| D-NM | Debra A. Haaland | Jun 12, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Bill Posey | Jun 18, 2019 | |
| R-CA | Doug LaMalfa | Jun 18, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Salud O. Carbajal | Jun 18, 2019 | |
| R-KY | Harold Rogers | Jun 19, 2019 | |
| R-SC | Joe Wilson | Jun 19, 2019 | |
| D-MA | Joseph P. Kennedy III | Jun 19, 2019 | |
| R-MS | Trent Kelly | Jun 19, 2019 | |
| R-MI | Tim Walberg | Jun 24, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Tom Malinowski | Jun 24, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Nydia M. Velázquez | Jun 26, 2019 | |
| R-IA | Steve King | Jun 27, 2019 | |
| D-OH | Joyce Beatty | Jun 28, 2019 | |
| R-ID | Michael K. Simpson | Jul 5, 2019 | |
| R-AZ | Paul A. Gosar | Jul 5, 2019 | |
| D-CO | Joe Neguse | Jul 9, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Mike Quigley | Jul 9, 2019 | |
| R-OK | Tom Cole | Jul 9, 2019 | |
| R-VA | H. Morgan Griffith | Jul 10, 2019 | |
| R-AL | Mo Brooks | Jul 10, 2019 | |
| R-PA | John Joyce | Jul 11, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Mary Gay Scanlon | Jul 15, 2019 | |
| D-MI | Elissa Slotkin | Jul 18, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Mac Thornberry | Jul 22, 2019 | |
| R-NC | Ted Budd | Jul 22, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Vicente Gonzalez | Jul 24, 2019 | |
| R-LA | Garret Graves | Jul 25, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Kenny Marchant | Jul 25, 2019 | |
| R-FL | Daniel Webster | Aug 6, 2019 | |
| R-WV | David B. McKinley | Aug 6, 2019 | |
| R-NE | Jeff Fortenberry | Aug 6, 2019 | |
| D-NC | Alma S. Adams | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Daniel Meuser | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Donald Norcross | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Doug Collins | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| R-IN | James R. Baird | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| R-MS | Michael Guest | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Mike Levin | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Rick Larsen | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Tony Cárdenas | Aug 16, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Adriano Espaillat | Aug 20, 2019 | |
| D-MD | John P. Sarbanes | Aug 27, 2019 | |
| D-GA | David Scott | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| R-AZ | Debbie Lesko | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| D-MI | Haley M. Stevens | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| D-IL | Lauren Underwood | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| R-LA | Mike Johnson | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Sylvia R. Garcia | Sep 9, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Earl L. "Buddy" Carter | Sep 11, 2019 | |
| R-CO | Scott R. Tipton | Sep 11, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Zoe Lofgren | Sep 11, 2019 | |
| D-NY | Antonio Delgado | Sep 17, 2019 | |
| R-WV | Carol D. Miller | Sep 17, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Harley Rouda | Sep 19, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Mark DeSaulnier | Sep 19, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Katie Porter | Sep 24, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Mikie Sherrill | Sep 24, 2019 | |
| R-NE | Adrian Smith | Sep 25, 2019 | |
| R-OH | Anthony Gonzalez | Sep 25, 2019 | |
| D-WA | Kim Schrier | Sep 25, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Colin Z. Allred | Sep 26, 2019 | |
| D-DE | Lisa Blunt Rochester | Oct 4, 2019 | |
| R-GA | Austin Scott | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| D-MS | Bennie G. Thompson | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| R-TX | Dan Crenshaw | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Juan Vargas | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Madeleine Dean | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| R-NV | Mark E. Amodei | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| D-IN | Peter J. Visclosky | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| R-AL | Robert B. Aderholt | Oct 21, 2019 | |
| R-NJ | Christopher H. Smith | Oct 22, 2019 | |
| D-OH | Marcia L. Fudge | Oct 22, 2019 | |
| D-CA | Pete Aguilar | Oct 22, 2019 | |
| D-CO | Jason Crow | Oct 28, 2019 | |
| D-NH | Chris Pappas | Nov 19, 2019 | |
| D-NJ | Josh Gottheimer | Dec 16, 2019 | |
| D-PA | Chrissy Houlahan | Dec 17, 2019 | |
| D-TX | Lizzie Fletcher | Dec 18, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Brian K. Fitzpatrick | Dec 19, 2019 | |
| R-PA | Fred Keller | Mar 9, 2020 | |
| R-GA | A. Drew Ferguson IV | Mar 11, 2020 | |
| D-MI | Brenda L. Lawrence | Jun 11, 2020 |
Committees 1
Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.
| Chamber | Committee | What it did |
|---|---|---|
| House | Ways and Means Committee | Referred Jan 11, 2019 |
Actions 2
Everything that happened, newest first.
- Jan 11, 2019Introduced in House
- Jan 11, 2019Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.
In the Congressional Record 1
Days the Record’s own index lists this bill, newest first, with the pages and the members it names. Pages starting H are the House, S the Senate, E Extensions of Remarks.
| Where | In the Record | Members | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| House | Debate and remarks H3469 | Mike Kelly R-PA | May 7, 2019 |
Research
What has been written about this bill: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.
Constitutional authority
The sponsor’s statement, as printed in the Congressional Record, vol. 165, no. 6, January 11, 2019, page H519.
Printed hearings 5
Hearings whose printed record names this bill, newest first: hearings on it, and wider hearings where it came up.
| Number | Hearing | Committee | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| S. Hrg. 116-587 | THE STATE OF TRANSPORTATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC163 pages | Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee | Jun 3, 2020 |
| Serial No. 116-57 | FUNDING A ROBUST FREIGHT AND PASSENGER RAIL NETWORK86 pages | Transportation and Infrastructure Committee | Mar 4, 2020 |
| Serial No. 116-45 | WHERE'S MY STUFF? EXAMINING THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION133 pages | Transportation and Infrastructure Committee | Dec 5, 2019 |
| Serial No. 116-24 | THE STATE OF THE RAIL WORKFORCE114 pages | Transportation and Infrastructure Committee | Jun 20, 2019 |
| S. Hrg. 116-563 | CONNECTING AMERICA: EXAMINING INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS ACROSS OUR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK55 pages | Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee | Feb 26, 2019 |
Related bills 2
Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.
| Bill | Title | Relationship | Latest action |
|---|---|---|---|
| S 203 | BRACE Act of 2019 | Related bill | Jan 24, 2019 |
| S 617 | Tax Extender and Disaster Relief Act of 2019 | Related bill | Mar 4, 2019 |
Titles 3
Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.
- Official Title as Introduced
- To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend the railroad track maintenance credit, and for other purposes.
- Short Title(s) as Introduced
- BRACE Act of 2019
- Building Rail Access for Customers and the Economy Act of 2019
Subjects
Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Taxation.
Text 1
Each version as it was printed, newest first.
- Jan 11, 2019Introduced in House
Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this bill on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.