Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007
Latest action · May 16, 2007 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 91.
Progress
Where this bill reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.
- IntroducedFeb 5, 2007
- Passed HouseNot reached
- Passed SenateNot reached
- To the PresidentNot reached
- Became lawNot reached
Summary
Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007 - (Sec. 2) Amends the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) to revise requirements for the audit capacity of voting systems, particularly those for a permanent paper record.
Requires the voting system to require the use of or produce an individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballot of the voter's vote, created by or made available for inspection and verification by the voter before the voter's vote is cast and counted. Requires the voting system to provide the voter with an opportunity to correct any system-made error in the voter-verified paper ballot before it is permanently preserved.
Requires each ballot produced to be: (1) suitable for a manual audit equivalent to that of a paper ballot voting system; and (2) counted by hand in any recount or audit conducted with respect to any federal election.
Sets forth a special rule for treatment of disputes when paper ballots have been shown to be compromised.
Revises the requirements for accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities. Requires a system that: (1) allows the voter to privately and independently verify the individual, durable paper ballot through the conversion of the human-readable printed or market vote selections into accessible form; (2) ensures that the entire process of ballot verification and vote casting is equipped for individuals with disabilities; and (3) does not preclude the supplementary use of Braille or tactile ballots.
Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to study, test, and develop best practices to enhance the accessibility of ballot verification mechanisms for individuals with disabilities, voters whose primary language is not English, and voters with difficulties in literacy. Authorizes appropriations.
Outlines additional voting system requirements and prohibitions.
Requires a notice in a prominent location in the polling place advising voters that: (1) the paper ballots representing their votes shall serve as the vote of record in all audits and recounts in federal elections; and (2) they should not leave the voting booth until confirming that such paper ballots accurately recorded their vote.
Prohibits the use of uncertified election dedicated voting system technologies. Requires an accredited laboratory with which such technology has been deposited to hold it in escrow and disclose it, along with related information, to qualified persons (including governmental entities and parties to litigation challenging election administration or results) who have entered certain non-disclosure agreements or to whom state law requires the laboratory to disclose it.
Prohibits a voting system from containing, using, or being accessible by any wireless, power-line, or concealed communication device, except state-certified enclosed infrared communications devices which cannot be used: (1) for any remote or wide area communications; or (2) without the knowledge of poll workers.
Prohibits connection to the Internet at any time of any component of any voting device upon which ballots are programmed or votes are cast or tabulated.
Specifies security standards for voting systems used in federal elections. Directs the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to develop and publish best practices on the documentation of the secure chain of custody for the handling of all software, hardware, vote storage media, ballots, and voter-verified ballots.
Prescribes durability, readability, and polling place availability requirements for paper ballots.
Requires laboratories to meet standards prohibiting conflicts of interest as a condition of accreditation for the testing of voting system hardware and software. Prescribes testing procedures. Authorizes appropriations.
Prescribes requirements for special certification to the EAC of ballot durability for states not currently using durable paper ballots.
Requires the Director of the National Science Foundation to make grants to up to three eligible entities to conduct research on the development of election-dedicated voting system software. Authorizes appropriations for FY2007-FY2008.
Makes available additional funding to enable states to meet the costs of the requirements imposed by this Act.
(Sec. 3) Provides for complaints to the Attorney General by persons aggrieved by violations of HAVA.
(Sec. 4) Requires each state to administer audits of federal election results, without advance notice to the precincts selected, consisting of random hand counts of the voter-verified paper ballots. Makes an exception from this requirement for elections in which the winning candidate had no opponent or received 80% or more of the vote total.
Prescribes requirements for determination of the number of ballots counted under the audit.
Outlines the process for administering audits.
Requires the Election Auditor of a state, as soon as practicable after the completion of an audit, to submit the results to EAC for publication.
Prohibits certification of the results of any election until completion of audits.
Provides for payments to states for costs of conducting audits. Authorizes appropriations.
Exempts from this Act any election for which a recount under state law will commence before certification of the election results.
(Sec. 5) Repeals the EAC's exemption from certain federal government contracting requirements.
Cosponsors 216
Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Feb 5, 2007 to May 16, 2007; 168 are original cosponsors, there from the day it was introduced.
| Seat | Cosponsor | Signed on | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-CA | Adam B. Schiff | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WA | Adam Smith | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WV | Alan B. Mollohan | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MD | Albert Russell Wynn | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Alcee L. Hastings | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Allen Boyd | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Allyson Y. Schwartz | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Anna G. Eshoo | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Anthony D. Weiner | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Barbara Lee | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MA | Barney Frank | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TN | Bart Gordon | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MI | Bart Stupak | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-KY | Ben Chandler | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MN | Betty McCollum | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OH | Betty Sutton | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MA | Bill Delahunt | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | Bob Etheridge | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Bob Filner | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | Brad Miller | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Brad Sherman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Brian Higgins | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IA | Bruce L. Braley | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MD | C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Carolyn B. Maloney | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MI | Carolyn C. Kilpatrick | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Carolyn McCarthy | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Chaka Fattah | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Charles A. Gonzalez | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-LA | Charlie Melancon | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Chet Edwards | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MD | Chris Van Hollen | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-CT | Christopher Shays | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MN | Collin C. Peterson | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-FL | Connie Mack | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Corrine Brown | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MI | Dale E. Kildee | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OK | Dan Boren | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IL | Danny K. Davis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OR | Darlene Hooley | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-CA | Darrell Issa | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | David E. Price | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IA | David Loebsack | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WI | David R. Obey | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-GA | David Scott | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OR | David Wu | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Debbie Wasserman Schultz | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OH | Dennis J. Kucinich | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-KS | Dennis Moore | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CO | Diana DeGette | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Diane E. Watson | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NJ | Donald M. Payne | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Doris O. Matsui | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OR | Earl Blumenauer | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-AZ | Ed Pastor | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Eddie Bernice Johnson | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Edolphus Towns | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-DC | Eleanor Holmes Norton | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MD | Elijah E. Cummings | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Eliot L. Engel | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Ellen O. Tauscher | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Fortney Pete Stark | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NJ | Frank Pallone, Jr. | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-VA | Frank R. Wolf | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | G. K. Butterfield | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Gary L. Ackerman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Gene Green | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MS | Gene Taylor | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | George Miller | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Grace F. Napolitano | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-AZ | Harry E. Mitchell | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | Heath Shuler | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Henry A. Waxman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-GA | Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Hilda L. Solis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Howard L. Berman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MN | James L. Oberstar | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-VA | James P. Moran | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-RI | James R. Langevin | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Jane Harman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IL | Janice D. Schakowsky | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Jason Altmire | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WA | Jay Inslee | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Jerrold Nadler | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IL | Jerry F. Costello | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TN | Jim Cooper | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Jim Costa | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-GA | Jim Marshall | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-UT | Jim Matheson | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-MN | Jim Ramstad | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CT | Joe Courtney | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MI | John D. Dingell | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MA | John F. Tierney | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | John J. Hall | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-GA | John Lewis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-SC | John M. Spratt, Jr. | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-NY | John R. "Randy" Kuhl Jr. | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TN | John S. Tanner | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CO | John T. Salazar | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MA | John W. Olver | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Jose E. Serrano | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Joseph Crowley | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-IL | Judy Biggert | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MN | Keith Ellison | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Kendrick B. Meek | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Kirsten E. Gillibrand | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IA | Leonard L. Boswell | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TN | Lincoln Davis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Linda T. Sánchez | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Lloyd Doggett | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Lois Capps | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Loretta Sanchez | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Louise McIntosh Slaughter | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Lucille Roybal-Allard | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-PR | Luis G. Fortuno | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IL | Luis V. Gutierrez | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Lynn C. Woolsey | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OH | Marcy Kaptur | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-AR | Marion Berry | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CO | Mark Udall | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Maurice D. Hinchey | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Maxine Waters | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-HI | Mazie K. Hirono | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Michael F. Doyle | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-ME | Michael H. Michaud | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Michael M. Honda | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-DE | Michael N. Castle | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Michael R. McNulty | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NC | Mike McIntyre | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-HI | Neil Abercrombie | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NY | Nita M. Lowey | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WA | Norman D. Dicks | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-RI | Patrick J. Kennedy | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Patrick J. Murphy | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NH | Paul W. Hodes | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OR | Peter A. DeFazio | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-PA | Phil English | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-IL | Rahm Emanuel | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-AZ | Raúl M. Grijalva | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-VA | Rick Boucher | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WA | Rick Larsen | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Robert A. Brady | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-VA | Robert C. "Bobby" Scott | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Robert Wexler | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WI | Ron Kind | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Ron Klein | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CT | Rosa L. DeLauro | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MO | Russ Carnahan | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-GA | Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Sheila Jackson Lee | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NV | Shelley Berkley | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Silvestre Reyes | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TX | Solomon P. Ortiz | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-SD | Stephanie Herseth Sandlin | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-OH | Stephanie Tubbs Jones | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-TN | Steve Cohen | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-WI | Steve Kagen | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-NJ | Steven R. Rothman | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Susan A. Davis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-WI | Thomas E. Petri | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-ME | Thomas H. Allen | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-PA | Tim Holden | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MN | Timothy J. Walz | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| R-VA | Tom Davis | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Tom Lantos | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-LA | William J. Jefferson | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-MO | Wm. Lacy Clay | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-CA | Xavier Becerra | Original | Feb 5, 2007 |
| D-FL | Kathy Castor | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| D-IL | Melissa L. Bean | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| D-PA | Paul E. Kanjorski | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| D-IL | Phil Hare | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| D-MI | Sander M. Levin | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| R-PA | Tim Murphy | Feb 6, 2007 | |
| R-OR | Greg Walden | Feb 7, 2007 | |
| D-TX | Henry Cuellar | Feb 7, 2007 | |
| D-WA | Jim McDermott | Feb 7, 2007 | |
| D-TX | Ruben Hinojosa | Feb 7, 2007 | |
| D-NY | Timothy H. Bishop | Feb 7, 2007 | |
| D-CA | Mike Thompson | Feb 8, 2007 | |
| D-WI | Tammy Baldwin | Feb 8, 2007 | |
| D-CA | Zoe Lofgren | Feb 8, 2007 | |
| D-AR | Vic Snyder | Feb 9, 2007 | |
| D-NY | Charles B. Rangel | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| D-IL | Daniel Lipinski | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| D-MA | Martin T. Meehan | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| D-NY | Nydia M. Velázquez | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| D-CA | Sam Farr | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| R-TN | Zach Wamp | Feb 12, 2007 | |
| R-PA | Jim Gerlach | Feb 13, 2007 | |
| R-IL | Ray LaHood | Feb 14, 2007 | |
| D-NY | Steve Israel | Feb 16, 2007 | |
| D-AL | Artur Davis | Feb 27, 2007 | |
| D-MO | Emanuel Cleaver | Feb 27, 2007 | |
| D-NM | Tom Udall | Feb 27, 2007 | |
| R-NJ | Frank A. LoBiondo | Mar 1, 2007 | |
| D-PA | John P. Murtha | Mar 5, 2007 | |
| D-WV | Nick J. Rahall II | Mar 5, 2007 | |
| D-TX | Ciro D. Rodriguez | Mar 20, 2007 | |
| D-AR | Mike Ross | Mar 20, 2007 | |
| D-NJ | Albio Sires | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-IN | Baron P. Hill | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-WI | Gwen Moore | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| R-NJ | Jim Saxton | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-KY | John A. Yarmuth | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-GA | John Barrow | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-MD | John P. Sarbanes | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-IN | Julia Carson | Apr 17, 2007 | |
| D-IN | Joe Donnelly | Apr 18, 2007 | |
| R-CA | Mary Bono | Apr 24, 2007 | |
| D-TX | Al Green | Apr 30, 2007 | |
| D-PA | Christopher P. Carney | May 1, 2007 | |
| D-MA | Edward J. Markey | May 14, 2007 | |
| D-AZ | Gabrielle Giffords | May 14, 2007 | |
| D-MA | James P. McGovern | May 14, 2007 | |
| D-CT | Christopher Murphy | May 16, 2007 |
Committees 1
Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.
| Chamber | Committee | What it did |
|---|---|---|
| House | Committee on House Administration | Referred Feb 5, 2007Hearings Mar 29, 2007Markup May 8, 2007Reported May 16, 2007 |
| Elections Subcommittee | Referred Mar 23, 2007Hearings Mar 23, 2007Discharged May 2, 2007 |
Actions 10
Everything that happened, newest first.
- May 16, 2007Reported (Amended) by the Committee on House Administration. H. Rept. 110-154.
- May 16, 2007Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 91.
- May 8, 2007Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
- May 8, 2007Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 6 - 3.
- May 2, 2007Subcommittee on Elections Discharged.
In the Congressional Record 6
Days the Record’s own index lists this bill, newest first, with the pages and the members it names. Pages starting H are the House, S the Senate, E Extensions of Remarks.
| Where | In the Record | Members | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extensions | Debate and remarks E654 | Michael M. Honda D-CA | Apr 17, 2008 |
| House | Debate and remarks H2293 | Vernon J. Ehlers R-MI | Apr 15, 2008 |
| House | Debate and remarks H11023 | Virginia Foxx R-NC | Sep 27, 2007 |
| House | Debate and remarks H10082Amendments H10158 | K. Michael Conaway R-TX (amendment), Ray LaHood R-IL | Sep 5, 2007 |
| House | Debate and remarks H7295 | Rush Holt D-NJ | Jun 27, 2007 |
Research
What has been written about this bill: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.
Committee report
Congressional Budget Office cost estimates 2
- May 15, 2007H.R. 811, Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007<p>Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on House Administration on May 8, 2007</p>
- May 15, 2007H.R. 811, Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on House Administration on May 8, 2007
Printed hearings 11
Hearings whose printed record names this bill, newest first: hearings on it, and wider hearings where it came up.
| Number | Hearing | Committee | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | EXPANDING AND IMPROVING OPPORTUNITIES TO VOTE BY MAIL OR ABSENTEE131 pages | Committee on House Administration | Oct 16, 2007 |
| — | HEARING ON IMPEDIMENTS TO VOTER ENFRANCHISEMENT503 pages | Committee on House Administration | Oct 5, 2007 |
| — | THE IMPORTANCE OF POLL WORKERS: BEST PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS1,170 pages | Committee on House Administration | Oct 3, 2007 |
| — | MARKUP OF H.R. 811; CONSIDERATION OF FOUR ELECTION CONTESTS; AND CONSIDERATION OF A COMMITTEE FRANKING ALLOCATION RESOLUTION295 pages | Committee on House Administration | May 8, 2007 |
| Serial No. 110-13 | CERTIFICATION AND TESTING OF ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMS142 pages | Oversight and Government Reform Committee | May 7, 2007 |
Related bills 2
Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.
| Bill | Title | Relationship | Latest action |
|---|---|---|---|
| S 559 | Vote Integrity and Verification Act of 2007 | Related bill | Feb 13, 2007 |
| S 2295 | Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007 | Related bill | Nov 1, 2007 |
Titles 3
Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.
- Official Title as Introduced
- To amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to require a voter-verified permanent paper ballot under title III of such Act, and for other purposes.
- Short Titles as Introduced
- Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007
- Short Titles as Reported to House for portions of this bill
- Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007
Subjects
Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Government Operations and Politics.
- Absentee voting
- Administrative fees
- Administrative procedure
- Administrative remedies
- Armed Forces and National Security
- Authorization
- Ballots
- Blind
- Business records
- Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
- Civil rights enforcement
- Commerce
- Competitive bidding
- Computer software
- Computers
- Conflict of interests
- Congress
- Congressional elections
- Corporation directors
- Department of Justice
- Directories
- Disabled
- Economics and Public Finance
- Election administration
- Election Assistance Commission
- Election fraud
- Evidence (Law)
- Freedom of information
- Government Operations and Politics
- Government paperwork
- Government procurement
- Government publicity
- Governmental investigations
- Grants-in-aid
- Illiteracy
- Independent regulatory commissions
- Internet
- Laboratories
- Language and languages
- Law
- Licenses
- Presidential elections
- Public corruption
- Right of privacy
- Runoff elections
- Science, Technology, Communications
- Security measures
- Soldier voting
- Special elections
- Standards
- Test facilities
- Voter registration
- Voting
- Voting machines
- Voting of the disabled
- Voting rights
- Wireless communication
Text 2
Each version as it was printed, newest first.
- May 16, 2007Reported in House
- Feb 5, 2007Introduced in House
Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this bill on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.
