Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
Latest action · Oct 13, 2006 Became Public Law No: 109-344.
Progress
Where this bill reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.
- IntroducedJun 30, 2005
- Passed HouseApr 5, 2006
- Passed SenateSep 21, 2006
- To the PresidentOct 2, 2006
- Became lawOct 13, 2006Public Law 109-344
Summary
(This measure has not been amended since it was passed by the Senate on September 21, 2006. The summary of that version is repeated here.)
Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006 - (Sec. 4) Sets forth the sense of Congress with respect to the situation in Darfur, Sudan, including the sense of Congress that the atrocities unfolding in Darfur are genocide, and the need for U.S. and international involvement in Darfur.
(Sec. 5) Amends the Comprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004 to direct the President, with waiver authority upon congressional notification, to block the assets and deny visas and entry to any individual complicit in or responsible for acts of genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity in Darfur, including family members or associates of such individual to whom assets or property of such individual was transferred on or after July 1, 2002.
Expresses the sense of Congress that the President should impose sanctions against any individual, including the Janjaweed commanders and coordinators, who impede the peace process, constitute a threat to stability in Darfur and the region, or commit violations of international humanitarian or human rights law or other atrocities.
(Sec. 6) Authorizes the President to provide assistance: (1) to reinforce an expanded African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS); and (2) in the areas of logistics, communications, technical assistance, training, command and control, aerial surveillance, and intelligence.
States that such assistance shall: (1) be used only in Darfur; and (2) not be provided until AMIS has agreed not to transfer any such assistance to anyone not an officer, employee or agent of AMIS (or subsequent U.N. peacekeeping operation), and not to use or to permit the use of such assistance for other purposes without prior presidential consent.
Expresses the sense of Congress that the President should instruct the U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to: (1) advocate NATO reinforcement of AMIS; (2) provide assets to help deter air strikes against civilians and humanitarian workers in Darfur; and (3) provide other support.
States that the President should take steps to deny the government of Sudan access to oil revenues, including prohibiting U.S. port entry to cargo ships or oil tankers engaged in trade activities in Sudan's oil sector or involved in the shipment of goods for the Armed Forces of Sudan until the government of Sudan has honored its commitments to cease attacks on civilians, demobilize and demilitarize the Janjaweed and associated militias, grant access for humanitarian assistance, and allow for the safe and voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons.
Exempts from such prohibition cargo ships or oil tankers involved in: (1) an internationally recognized demobilization program; (2) the shipment of non-lethal assistance for the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for Sudan (Agreement) or the Darfur Agreement; and (3) the shipment of military assistance necessary to carry out such Agreements if the President has made a determination required by this Act.
Prohibits, with national interest waiver authority, U.S. assistance to a country in violation of U.N. Security Council Resolutions 1556 and 1591(embargo on military assistance to Sudan).
(Sec. 7) States that certain restrictions against the government of Sudan shall remain in place until the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the government of Sudan is taking specified steps to: (1) implement the Darfur Peace Agreement; (2) disarm and demobilize the Janjaweed and all government-allied militias; (3) adhere to all associated Security Council Resolutions; (4) negotiate a peaceful resolution to the crisis in eastern Sudan; (5) cooperate with efforts to disarm and deny safe haven to members of the Lord's Resistance Army in Sudan; and (6) implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for Sudan. Authorizes the President to waive such restriction for national security purposes.(Sec. 8) Amends the Assistance for International Malaria Control Act to repeal provisions authorizing the President to provide additional assistance to, and exempting prohibitions on exports from, areas outside the control of the government of Sudan.
Amends the Comprehensive Peace in Sudan Act of 2004 to repeal the provision authorizing the President to provide additional nonmilitary assistance to areas outside the control of the government of Sudan.
Authorizes the President, subject to congressional notification by the Secretary of State, to provide economic assistance for Southern Sudan, Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains State, Blue Nile State, Abyei, Darfur, and marginalized areas in and around Khartoum.
Authorizes the President, if a specified certification of noncompliance by the government of Sudan or the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army with the Agreement has not been made, and if in the U.S. national interest, to provide specified military assistance to the government of Sudan for FY2006-FY2008. Requires congressional notification. Waives specified export prohibitions under the Arms Export Control Act.
Requires the President to provide Congress with end use assurances for each item exported under this section.
Waives prohibitions concerning Sudan in Executive Order No. 13067 regarding activities with respect to Southern Sudan, Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains State, Blue Nile State, Abyei, Darfur, or marginalized areas in and around Khartoum.
(Sec. 9) Includes among reporting requirements reports on: (1) AMIS; (2) sanctions in support of peace in Darfur; and (3) U.S. military assistance under the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006.
Recorded votes 1
Newest first. Open one to see how every member voted.
| Roll call | Question | Result | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| House 90 | On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended | Passed416–3 | Apr 5, 2006 |
Cosponsors 162
Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Jun 30, 2005 to Mar 28, 2006; 9 are original cosponsors, there from the day it was introduced.
| Seat | Cosponsor | Signed on | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-NY | Charles B. Rangel | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| R-NJ | Christopher H. Smith | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| D-NJ | Donald M. Payne | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| R-CA | Edward R. Royce | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| R-VA | Frank R. Wolf | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| D-MA | Michael E. Capuano | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| D-TX | Sheila Jackson Lee | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| R-CO | Thomas G. Tancredo | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| D-CA | Tom Lantos | Original | Jun 30, 2005 |
| D-MD | Chris Van Hollen | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-CT | Christopher Shays | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-IN | Dan Burton | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-NC | David E. Price | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-OR | Earl Blumenauer | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-HI | Ed Case | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-TX | Eddie Bernice Johnson | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-CA | Elton Gallegly | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-MO | Emanuel Cleaver | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Gary L. Ackerman | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Henry A. Waxman | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Howard L. Berman | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-IA | James A. Leach | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-IN | Mark E. Souder | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-WI | Mark Green | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CO | Mark Udall | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Michael M. Honda | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-IN | Mike Pence | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Nancy Pelosi | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-NY | Peter T. King | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-FL | Robert Wexler | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| R-MI | Thaddeus G. McCotter | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-ME | Thomas H. Allen | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-PA | Tim Holden | Jul 20, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Barbara Lee | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Diane E. Watson | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| R-WI | F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| D-WA | Jim McDermott | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Joseph Crowley | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| R-AL | Spencer Bachus | Jul 21, 2005 | |
| D-TX | Al Green | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Anthony D. Weiner | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-MD | Benjamin L. Cardin | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NJ | Frank Pallone, Jr. | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Gregory W. Meeks | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| R-NE | Jeff Fortenberry | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-MA | John W. Olver | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Michael R. McNulty | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NJ | Rush Holt | Jul 26, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Eliot L. Engel | Jul 28, 2005 | |
| D-MI | Sander M. Levin | Jul 28, 2005 | |
| D-WA | Adam Smith | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-PA | Allyson Y. Schwartz | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Hilda L. Solis | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| R-NH | Jeb Bradley | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-FL | Jim Davis | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| R-CA | Ken Calvert | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Lois Capps | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-PA | Robert A. Brady | Sep 13, 2005 | |
| D-MA | Barney Frank | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| D-MI | Carolyn C. Kilpatrick | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| D-MD | Elijah E. Cummings | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| D-IL | Janice D. Schakowsky | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| R-PA | Michael G. Fitzpatrick | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| D-LA | William J. Jefferson | Sep 22, 2005 | |
| R-VA | Jo Ann Davis | Oct 6, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Juanita Millender-McDonald | Oct 6, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Linda T. Sánchez | Oct 6, 2005 | |
| D-FL | Alcee L. Hastings | Oct 17, 2005 | |
| R-PA | Curt Weldon | Oct 17, 2005 | |
| D-IL | Jesse L. Jackson, Jr. | Oct 17, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Lynn C. Woolsey | Oct 17, 2005 | |
| D-FL | Debbie Wasserman Schultz | Oct 18, 2005 | |
| R-FL | Ileana Ros-Lehtinen | Oct 18, 2005 | |
| D-PA | Michael F. Doyle | Oct 18, 2005 | |
| D-NJ | Robert E. Andrews | Oct 18, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Anna G. Eshoo | Oct 20, 2005 | |
| R-NC | Charles H. Taylor | Oct 20, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Major R. Owens | Oct 20, 2005 | |
| D-MA | Stephen F. Lynch | Oct 20, 2005 | |
| D-NJ | Steven R. Rothman | Oct 20, 2005 | |
| R-SC | Bob Inglis | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Carolyn B. Maloney | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-MN | Collin C. Peterson | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-MA | Edward J. Markey | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-VA | James P. Moran | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Jim Costa | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| R-CO | Joel Hefley | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-ME | Michael H. Michaud | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Sam Farr | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-AR | Vic Snyder | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-MO | Wm. Lacy Clay | Oct 26, 2005 | |
| D-TN | Bart Gordon | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| R-CA | Darrell Issa | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| R-KY | Geoff Davis | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Jerrold Nadler | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| D-MA | Martin T. Meehan | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| D-RI | Patrick J. Kennedy | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| D-OR | Peter A. DeFazio | Nov 3, 2005 | |
| D-NC | Brad Miller | Nov 4, 2005 | |
| R-FL | E. Clay Shaw Jr. | Nov 4, 2005 | |
| D-CT | Rosa L. DeLauro | Nov 4, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Nydia M. Velázquez | Nov 10, 2005 | |
| D-IL | Danny K. Davis | Nov 17, 2005 | |
| D-FL | Kendrick B. Meek | Nov 17, 2005 | |
| D-IL | Lane Evans | Nov 18, 2005 | |
| R-OH | Paul E. Gillmor | Nov 18, 2005 | |
| D-NJ | Bill Pascrell, Jr. | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Fortney Pete Stark | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-MA | James P. McGovern | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-RI | James R. Langevin | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| R-CO | Marilyn N. Musgrave | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Maurice D. Hinchey | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Steve Israel | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-CA | Susan A. Davis | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| R-PA | Todd Russell Platts | Dec 6, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Brian Higgins | Dec 8, 2005 | |
| D-CT | John B. Larson | Dec 8, 2005 | |
| D-MA | Richard E. Neal | Dec 8, 2005 | |
| D-NY | Nita M. Lowey | Dec 14, 2005 | |
| R-NJ | Rodney P. Frelinghuysen | Dec 14, 2005 | |
| D-NV | Shelley Berkley | Dec 14, 2005 | |
| D-WA | Brian Baird | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| R-PA | Charles W. Dent | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Ellen O. Tauscher | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| D-WI | Gwen Moore | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| R-IL | Mark Kirk | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| D-OH | Sherrod Brown | Feb 8, 2006 | |
| D-PA | Chaka Fattah | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| D-OR | Darlene Hooley | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| R-NJ | Jim Saxton | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| R-AR | John Boozman | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| D-MN | Martin Olav Sabo | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| R-NJ | Scott Garrett | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| R-NY | Thomas M. Reynolds | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| D-NY | Timothy H. Bishop | Feb 15, 2006 | |
| D-NY | Carolyn McCarthy | Feb 16, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Brad Sherman | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| R-CA | Dana Rohrabacher | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| R-OH | Michael R. Turner | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| R-NJ | Mike Ferguson | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| R-MO | W. Todd Akin | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Zoe Lofgren | Mar 1, 2006 | |
| R-CO | Bob Beauprez | Mar 8, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Grace F. Napolitano | Mar 8, 2006 | |
| D-GA | Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. | Mar 8, 2006 | |
| D-MA | Bill Delahunt | Mar 9, 2006 | |
| D-IL | Bobby L. Rush | Mar 9, 2006 | |
| R-WA | David G. Reichert | Mar 9, 2006 | |
| R-NJ | Frank A. LoBiondo | Mar 9, 2006 | |
| D-MI | John Conyers, Jr. | Mar 9, 2006 | |
| D-MD | Albert Russell Wynn | Mar 13, 2006 | |
| D-GA | David Scott | Mar 13, 2006 | |
| R-OH | Jean Schmidt | Mar 13, 2006 | |
| R-WI | Paul D. Ryan | Mar 13, 2006 | |
| R-FL | Lincoln Diaz-Balart | Mar 15, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Maxine Waters | Mar 15, 2006 | |
| D-WI | Tammy Baldwin | Mar 15, 2006 | |
| D-CA | George Miller | Mar 16, 2006 | |
| D-FL | Corrine Brown | Mar 28, 2006 | |
| D-OR | David Wu | Mar 28, 2006 | |
| D-CA | Doris O. Matsui | Mar 28, 2006 | |
| R-PA | Jim Gerlach | Mar 28, 2006 |
Committees 3
Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.
| Chamber | Committee | What it did |
|---|---|---|
| House | Foreign Affairs Committee | Referred Jun 30, 2005Markup Mar 8, 2006Reported Mar 15, 2006 |
| Africa Subcommittee | Referred Jul 21, 2005Markup Jul 21, 2005Reported Jul 21, 2005 | |
| House | Judiciary Committee | Referred Mar 15, 2006Markup Mar 15, 2006Reported Mar 29, 2006 |
| Senate | Foreign Relations Committee | Referred Apr 6, 2006Discharged Sep 21, 2006 |
Actions 35
Everything that happened, newest first.
- Oct 13, 2006Signed by President.
- Oct 13, 2006Became Public Law No: 109-344.
- Oct 2, 2006Presented to President.
- Sep 26, 2006Pursuant to the provisions of H. Con. Res. 480, enrollment corrections on H.R. 3127 have been made.
- Sep 25, 2006Mr. Smith (NJ) moved that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment.
In the Congressional Record 9
Days the Record’s own index lists this bill, newest first, with the pages and the members it names. Pages starting H are the House, S the Senate, E Extensions of Remarks.
| Where | In the Record | Members | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extensions | Debate and remarks E1182 | Benjamin L. Cardin D-MD | Jun 16, 2006 |
| Extensions | Debate and remarks E681 | Rosa L. DeLauro D-CT | May 2, 2006 |
| House · Extensions | Debate and remarks E656, H1897 | Jerrold Nadler D-NY, Maxine Waters D-CA | Apr 27, 2006 |
| Extensions | Debate and remarks E585 | Betty McCollum D-MN | Apr 25, 2006 |
| Extensions | Debate and remarks E558 | Scott Garrett R-NJ | Apr 7, 2006 |
Research
What has been written about this bill: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.
Committee reports
Congressional Budget Office cost estimates 4
- Mar 20, 2006H.R. 3127, Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006<p>Cost estimate for the bill as reported by the House Committee on International Relations on March 14, 2006</p>
- Mar 20, 2006H.R. 3127, Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006<p>Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on March 15, 2006</p>
- Mar 20, 2006H.R. 3127, Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006Cost estimate for the bill as reported by the House Committee on International Relations on March 14, 2006
- Mar 20, 2006H.R. 3127, Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on March 15, 2006
Printed hearings 2
Hearings whose printed record names this bill, newest first: hearings on it, and wider hearings where it came up.
| Number | Hearing | Committee | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serial No. 109-160 | THE DARFUR PEACE AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT59 pages | Foreign Affairs Committee | Mar 8, 2006 |
| Serial No. 109-69 | DARFUR PEACE AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 200576 pages | Foreign Affairs Committee | Jul 21, 2005 |
CRS reports 5
Congressional Research Service work that CRS links to this bill or the law it became, newest first.
Cite it 5
Products on other subjects that cite it, usually among other measures.
| Product | Title | Kind | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| R45618 | The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use | Report | Sep 1, 2025 |
| R43957 | Sudan Archived | Report | May 26, 2015 |
| R42774 | Sudan and South Sudan: Current Issues for Congress and U.S. Policy Archived | Report | Oct 5, 2012 |
| R41840 | U.S. Foreign Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa: The FY2012 Request Archived | Report | May 20, 2011 |
| RL33760 | Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 110th Congress Archived | Report | Dec 20, 2006 |
Amendments 1
Amendments offered to this bill.
| Amendment | Description | Offered by | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| SA 5033 | To provide a complete substitute. | Richard G. Lugar R-IN | Amendment SA 5033 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent. |
Related bills 5
Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.
| Bill | Title | Relationship | Latest action |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCONRES 480 | To correct the enrollment of the bill H.R. 3127. | Related bill | Sep 26, 2006 |
| S 495 | Darfur Accountability Act of 2005 | Related bill | Mar 2, 2005 |
| HR 1424 | Darfur Genocide Accountability Act of 2005 | Related bill | Jun 20, 2005 |
| S 1462 | Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2005 | Related bill | Nov 18, 2005 |
| S 3884 | Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006 | Related bill | Sep 12, 2006 |
Titles 6
Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.
- Official Title as Introduced
- To impose sanctions against individuals responsible for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, to support measures for the protection of civilians and humanitarian operations, and to support peace efforts in the Darfur region of Sudan, and for other purposes.
- Short Titles as Introduced
- Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2005
- Short Titles as Reported to House
- Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
- Short Titles as Passed House
- Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
- Short Titles as Passed Senate
- Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
- Short Titles as Enacted
- Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006
Subjects
Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: International Affairs.
- Africa (Sub-Saharan)
- Alien property
- Americans in foreign countries
- Arabs
- Armed Forces and National Security
- Armistices
- Arms control
- Arms sales
- Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
- Civil War
- Commerce
- Congress
- Congress and foreign policy
- Congressional oversight
- Congressional reporting requirements
- Crime and Law Enforcement
- Crimes against humanity
- Cults
- Democracy
- Diplomats
- Displaced persons
- Economic assistance
- Economics and Public Finance
- Education
- Embargo
- Energy
- Ethnic relations
- Europe
- European Union
- Export controls
- Families
- Federal aid to education
- Federal employees
- Finance and Financial Sector
- Foreign leaders
- Foreign Trade and International Finance
- Genocide
- Government contractors
- Government officials
- Government Operations and Politics
- Higher education
- Housing and Community Development
- Human rights
- Immigration
- Insurgency
- International Affairs
- International agencies
- International cooperation
- International courts
- International military forces
- International relief
- Labor and Employment
- Law
- Logistics
- Marine terminals
- Merchant ships
- Military assistance
- Military aviation
- Military command and control
- Military communications
- Military housing
- Military intelligence
- Military personnel
- Military training
- Military transportation
- Minorities
- NATO military forces
- Peace negotiations
- Peace treaties
- Peacekeeping forces
- Petroleum industry
- President and foreign policy
- Prosecution
- Refugees
- Regionalism (International organization)
- Religion
- Repatriation
- Sanctions (International law)
- Scholarships
- Student loan funds
- Sudan
- Tankers
- Technical assistance
- Transportation and Public Works
- United Nations
- United Nations membership
- Violence
- Visas
- War and emergency powers
- War crimes
- War relief
Text 6
Each version as it was printed, newest first.
- —Enrolled Bill
- Sep 21, 2006Engrossed Amendment Senate
- Apr 6, 2006Referred in Senate
- Apr 5, 2006Engrossed in House
- Mar 29, 2006Reported in House
- Jun 30, 2005Introduced in House
Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this bill on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.