HJRES 2 · 116th Congress 2019–2021, ended

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections.

Introduced Jan 3, 2019 Originated House Sponsor Theodore E. Deutch D-FL

Latest action · Jan 3, 2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties.

Progress

Where this resolution reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.

IntroducedJan 3, 2019
Passed HouseNot reached
Passed SenateNot reached
To the PresidentNot reached
Became lawNot reached

Summary

Constitutional Amendment

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment authorizing Congress and the states to set reasonable limits on the raising and spending of money by candidates and others to influence elections.

The amendment grants Congress and the states the power to implement and enforce this amendment by legislation. They are allowed to distinguish between natural persons and corporations or other artificial entities created by law, including by prohibiting such entities from spending money to influence elections.

Cosponsors 221

Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Jan 3, 2019 to May 28, 2020; 3 are original cosponsors, there from the day it was introduced.

Seat	Cosponsor		Signed on
D-MA	James P. McGovern	Original	Jan 3, 2019
D-MD	Jamie Raskin	Original	Jan 3, 2019
R-NY	John Katko	Original	Jan 3, 2019
D-CA	Adam B. Schiff		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Adriano Espaillat		Jan 8, 2019
D-NJ	Albio Sires		Jan 8, 2019
D-FL	Alcee L. Hastings		Jan 8, 2019
D-MN	Betty McCollum		Jan 8, 2019
D-NJ	Bill Pascrell, Jr.		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Brad Sherman		Jan 8, 2019
D-IL	Bradley Scott Schneider		Jan 8, 2019
D-MD	C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Carolyn B. Maloney		Jan 8, 2019
D-PA	Conor Lamb		Jan 8, 2019
D-FL	Darren Soto		Jan 8, 2019
D-NC	David E. Price		Jan 8, 2019
D-DC	Eleanor Holmes Norton		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Eric Swalwell		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Grace F. Napolitano		Jan 8, 2019
D-WI	Gwen Moore		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Harley Rouda		Jan 8, 2019
D-GA	Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr.		Jan 8, 2019
D-RI	James R. Langevin		Jan 8, 2019
D-TN	Jim Cooper		Jan 8, 2019
D-CT	Joe Courtney		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	John Garamendi		Jan 8, 2019
D-MD	John P. Sarbanes		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Joseph D. Morelle		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Josh Harder		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Kathleen M. Rice		Jan 8, 2019
D-OH	Marcy Kaptur		Jan 8, 2019
D-OR	Peter A. DeFazio		Jan 8, 2019
D-VT	Peter Welch		Jan 8, 2019
D-CA	Scott H. Peters		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Sean Patrick Maloney		Jan 8, 2019
D-FL	Stephanie N. Murphy		Jan 8, 2019
D-TN	Steve Cohen		Jan 8, 2019
D-OR	Suzanne Bonamici		Jan 8, 2019
D-AZ	Tom O'Halleran		Jan 8, 2019
D-NY	Yvette D. Clarke		Jan 8, 2019
D-PA	Brendan F. Boyle		Jan 9, 2019
D-CA	Pete Aguilar		Jan 9, 2019
D-NM	Ben Ray Luján		Jan 11, 2019
D-NV	Dina Titus		Jan 11, 2019
D-FL	Kathy Castor		Jan 11, 2019
D-CA	Ted Lieu		Jan 11, 2019
D-CA	J. Luis Correa		Jan 15, 2019
D-CA	Jackie Speier		Jan 15, 2019
D-WA	Adam Smith		Jan 17, 2019
D-NM	Debra A. Haaland		Jan 17, 2019
D-OR	Earl Blumenauer		Jan 17, 2019
D-IL	Bill Foster		Jan 22, 2019
D-IL	Janice D. Schakowsky		Jan 22, 2019
D-CA	Katie Hill		Jan 22, 2019
D-FL	Charlie Crist		Jan 23, 2019
D-RI	David N. Cicilline		Jan 23, 2019
D-NY	Thomas R. Suozzi		Jan 23, 2019
D-IA	Abby Finkenauer		Jan 24, 2019
D-NH	Chris Pappas		Jan 24, 2019
D-VA	Donald S. Beyer, Jr.		Jan 24, 2019
D-NJ	Frank Pallone, Jr.		Jan 24, 2019
D-CA	Julia Brownley		Jan 24, 2019
D-AZ	Raúl M. Grijalva		Jan 24, 2019
D-AZ	Ruben Gallego		Jan 24, 2019
D-MA	Seth Moulton		Jan 24, 2019
D-MN	Dean Phillips		Jan 25, 2019
D-MI	Elissa Slotkin		Jan 25, 2019
D-ME	Jared F. Golden		Jan 25, 2019
D-CA	Raul Ruiz		Jan 25, 2019
D-CA	Alan S. Lowenthal		Jan 29, 2019
D-AZ	Ann Kirkpatrick		Feb 4, 2019
D-TX	Colin Z. Allred		Feb 4, 2019
D-CA	Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr.		Feb 4, 2019
D-MA	Joseph P. Kennedy III		Feb 4, 2019
D-CA	Anna G. Eshoo		Feb 13, 2019
D-IL	Cheri Bustos		Feb 19, 2019
D-MD	Elijah E. Cummings		Feb 19, 2019
D-OH	Joyce Beatty		Feb 25, 2019
D-CA	Jimmy Gomez		Feb 27, 2019
D-NY	Nydia M. Velázquez		Feb 28, 2019
D-WA	Denny Heck		Mar 4, 2019
D-VA	Gerald E. Connolly		Mar 4, 2019
D-NY	Gregory W. Meeks		Mar 4, 2019
D-NY	Jerrold Nadler		Mar 4, 2019
D-FL	Lois Frankel		Mar 4, 2019
D-PA	Matt Cartwright		Mar 4, 2019
D-CA	Nanette Diaz Barragán		Mar 4, 2019
D-CT	Rosa L. DeLauro		Mar 4, 2019
D-OH	Tim Ryan		Mar 4, 2019
D-IA	David Loebsack		Mar 5, 2019
D-NY	Nita M. Lowey		Mar 5, 2019
D-NJ	Andy Kim		Mar 6, 2019
D-NJ	Donald Norcross		Mar 7, 2019
D-NY	Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez		Mar 8, 2019
D-MA	Katherine M. Clark		Mar 8, 2019
D-WA	Rick Larsen		Mar 8, 2019
D-NY	Antonio Delgado		Mar 11, 2019
D-IL	Jesús G. "Chuy" García		Mar 13, 2019
D-WI	Ron Kind		Mar 14, 2019
D-NY	Grace Meng		Mar 26, 2019
D-WA	Pramila Jayapal		Apr 8, 2019
D-MA	Lori Trahan		Apr 30, 2019
D-NJ	Tom Malinowski		Apr 30, 2019
D-CA	Ami Bera		May 9, 2019
D-HI	Tulsi Gabbard		May 9, 2019
D-DE	Lisa Blunt Rochester		May 10, 2019
D-NJ	Bonnie Watson Coleman		May 15, 2019
D-FL	Val Butler Demings		May 16, 2019
D-MI	Debbie Dingell		May 17, 2019
D-MA	Stephen F. Lynch		May 21, 2019
D-NJ	Jefferson Van Drew		May 30, 2019
D-KY	John A. Yarmuth		May 30, 2019
D-CA	Katie Porter		May 30, 2019
D-CA	Maxine Waters		May 30, 2019
D-WA	Derek Kilmer		Jun 3, 2019
D-NH	Ann M. Kuster		Jun 4, 2019
D-MD	David J. Trone		Jun 13, 2019
D-CA	Zoe Lofgren		Jun 13, 2019
D-CT	John B. Larson		Jun 18, 2019
D-NV	Susie Lee		Jun 19, 2019
D-MN	Angie Craig		Jun 25, 2019
D-CA	Jared Huffman		Jun 25, 2019
D-NY	Eliot L. Engel		Jun 27, 2019
D-CO	Joe Neguse		Jun 27, 2019
D-NY	Paul Tonko		Jun 28, 2019
D-CT	James A. Himes		Jul 2, 2019
D-IL	Sean Casten		Jul 9, 2019
D-NY	Anthony Brindisi		Jul 11, 2019
D-CA	Judy Chu		Jul 15, 2019
D-PA	Michael F. Doyle		Jul 15, 2019
D-IL	Mike Quigley		Jul 16, 2019
D-CA	Tj Cox		Jul 30, 2019
D-PA	Mary Gay Scanlon		Aug 6, 2019
D-IL	Raja Krishnamoorthi		Aug 9, 2019
D-CA	Lucille Roybal-Allard		Aug 16, 2019
D-VA	Abigail Davis Spanberger		Aug 20, 2019
D-PA	Dwight Evans		Aug 27, 2019
D-CA	Mark DeSaulnier		Aug 30, 2019
D-MA	Ayanna Pressley		Sep 6, 2019
D-MI	Brenda L. Lawrence		Sep 6, 2019
D-IL	Danny K. Davis		Sep 6, 2019
D-CA	Doris O. Matsui		Sep 6, 2019
D-CA	Ro Khanna		Sep 6, 2019
D-CA	Salud O. Carbajal		Sep 6, 2019
D-PA	Madeleine Dean		Sep 9, 2019
D-MD	Anthony G. Brown		Sep 10, 2019
D-AZ	Greg Stanton		Sep 20, 2019
D-CA	Susan A. Davis		Sep 20, 2019
D-CT	Jahana Hayes		Sep 27, 2019
D-CA	Mike Levin		Sep 27, 2019
D-KS	Sharice Davids		Sep 27, 2019
D-IN	André Carson		Oct 4, 2019
D-CO	Jason Crow		Oct 4, 2019
D-NY	Max Rose		Oct 4, 2019
D-CA	Barbara Lee		Oct 11, 2019
D-IA	Cynthia Axne		Oct 11, 2019
D-MI	Daniel T. Kildee		Oct 11, 2019
D-FL	Debbie Wasserman Schultz		Oct 11, 2019
D-NY	Hakeem S. Jeffries		Oct 15, 2019
D-MI	Haley M. Stevens		Oct 15, 2019
D-CA	Juan Vargas		Oct 15, 2019
D-FL	Donna E. Shalala		Oct 16, 2019
D-OR	Kurt Schrader		Oct 16, 2019
D-CA	Mike Thompson		Oct 17, 2019
D-ME	Chellie Pingree		Oct 21, 2019
D-MN	Collin C. Peterson		Oct 21, 2019
D-FL	Debbie Mucarsel-Powell		Oct 21, 2019
D-MI	Rashida Tlaib		Oct 21, 2019
D-GA	Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.		Oct 21, 2019
D-NJ	Donald M. Payne, Jr.		Oct 22, 2019
D-CO	Ed Perlmutter		Oct 22, 2019
D-WI	Mark Pocan		Oct 28, 2019
D-CA	Mark Takano		Oct 29, 2019
D-WA	Suzan K. DelBene		Oct 29, 2019
D-MO	Emanuel Cleaver		Oct 30, 2019
D-TX	Sheila Jackson Lee		Oct 30, 2019
D-GA	David Scott		Nov 8, 2019
D-NY	Jose E. Serrano		Nov 8, 2019
D-AL	Terri A. Sewell		Nov 8, 2019
D-NJ	Mikie Sherrill		Nov 26, 2019
D-GA	Lucy McBath		Dec 5, 2019
D-CA	Jimmy Panetta		Dec 6, 2019
D-FL	Al Lawson, Jr.		Dec 17, 2019
D-MO	Wm. Lacy Clay		Dec 17, 2019
D-LA	Cedric L. Richmond		Dec 18, 2019
D-MI	Andy Levin		Dec 19, 2019
D-NY	Brian Higgins		Dec 19, 2019
D-PA	Chrissy Houlahan		Dec 19, 2019
D-TX	Joaquin Castro		Dec 19, 2019
D-WA	Kim Schrier		Dec 19, 2019
D-CA	Linda T. Sánchez		Dec 19, 2019
D-PA	Susan Wild		Dec 19, 2019
D-TX	Sylvia R. Garcia		Dec 19, 2019
D-CA	Jerry McNerney		Dec 23, 2019
D-NJ	Josh Gottheimer		Dec 23, 2019
D-NM	Xochitl Torres Small		Dec 23, 2019
D-TX	Al Green		Jan 8, 2020
D-UT	Ben McAdams		Jan 8, 2020
D-OK	Kendra S. Horn		Jan 8, 2020
D-MD	Steny H. Hoyer		Jan 8, 2020
D-VA	A. Donald McEachin		Jan 10, 2020
D-SC	James E. Clyburn		Jan 10, 2020
D-VA	Jennifer Wexton		Jan 10, 2020
D-SC	Joe Cunningham		Jan 10, 2020
D-CA	Norma J. Torres		Jan 10, 2020
D-MN	Ilhan Omar		Jan 13, 2020
D-CA	Karen Bass		Jan 13, 2020
D-IL	Lauren Underwood		Jan 13, 2020
D-TX	Veronica Escobar		Jan 13, 2020
D-MA	William R. Keating		Jan 27, 2020
D-IL	Bobby L. Rush		Feb 4, 2020
D-NC	G. K. Butterfield		Feb 4, 2020
D-TX	Marc A. Veasey		Feb 21, 2020
D-VA	Robert C. "Bobby" Scott		Feb 27, 2020
D-CO	Diana DeGette		Mar 4, 2020
D-IL	Robin L. Kelly		Mar 10, 2020
D-NC	Alma S. Adams		Mar 11, 2020
D-FL	Frederica S. Wilson		Mar 11, 2020
D-OH	Marcia L. Fudge		Mar 11, 2020
D-VA	Elaine G. Luria		Apr 17, 2020
D-HI	Ed Case		May 28, 2020

Committees 1

Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.

Chamber	Committee	What it did
House	Judiciary Committee	Referred Jan 3, 2019
	Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee	Referred Jan 3, 2019

Actions 3

Everything that happened, newest first.

Jan 3, 2019Introduced in House
Jan 3, 2019Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Jan 3, 2019Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties.

Research

What has been written about this resolution: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.

Constitutional authority

Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant to the following: Article V of the Constitution: The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three fourths of the several states or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

The sponsor’s statement, as printed in the Congressional Record, vol. 165, no. 1, January 3, 2019, page H218.

Printed hearings 1

Hearings whose printed record names this resolution, newest first: hearings on it, and wider hearings where it came up.

Number	Hearing	Committee	Held
Serial No. 116-74	CITIZENS UNITED AT 10: THE CONSEQUENCES FOR DEMOCRACY AND POTENTIAL RESPONSES BY CONGRESS137 pages	Judiciary Committee	Feb 6, 2020

Related bills 4

Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.

Bill	Title	Relationship	Latest action
HJRES 1	Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections.	Reintroduced Bill	Mar 4, 2021
HJRES 25	Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to limit the number of terms a Representative or Senator may serve.	Related bill	Jan 10, 2019
HJRES 31	Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections.	Reintroduction of	Feb 6, 2017
SJRES 51	A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections.	Related bill	Jul 30, 2019

Titles 1

Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.

Official Title as Introduced: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections.

Subjects

Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Government Operations and Politics.

Text 1

Each version as it was printed, newest first.

Jan 3, 2019Introduced in House

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Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this resolution on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.