HSRU00 · House Standing

Rules Committee

Chair Virginia Foxx R-NC Ranking Member James P. McGovern D-MA rules.house.gov

Committee on Rules

305 bills referred in the 119th Congress so far

3,890 across the 13 Congresses on file, most in the 110th at 392. A referral is not a hearing: most bills sent to a committee are never taken up.

Bills referred, by Congress 107th to 119th

Members

Seated in the 119th Congress

Subcommittees

Each with its own members and record

Meetings

Hearings and business meetings in the 119th Congress

Members 13

Chair and ranking member first, then alphabetically. Today's official roster.

Seat	Member	Role
R-NC	Virginia Foxx	Chair
D-MA	James P. McGovern	Ranking Member
R-GA	Austin Scott
R-GA	Brian Jack
R-TX	Chip Roy
R-IN	Erin Houchin
R-VA	H. Morgan Griffith
D-CO	Joe Neguse
D-PA	Mary Gay Scanlon
R-MN	Michelle Fischbach
R-NY	Nicholas A. Langworthy
R-SC	Ralph Norman
D-NM	Teresa Leger Fernandez

Subcommittees 2

Each has its own record.

Record

Bills, meetings, hearings, reports and more, newest first. Every Congress on file.

Newest activity first. From the 107th Congress on.

Bill	Title	Referral	Date
HR 3059	Biennial Budgeting and Appropriations Act of 2013	Referred To113th	Aug 2, 2013
HRES 323	Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to observe a moment of silence in the House on the first legislative day of each month for those killed or wounded in the United States engagement in Afghanistan.	Referred To113th	Aug 1, 2013
HR 2916	Domestic Energy Production Protection Act of 2013	Referred To113th	Aug 1, 2013
HR 2900	OPTION Act of 2013	Referred To113th	Aug 1, 2013
HRES 322	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 367) to amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide that major rules of the executive branch shall have no force or effect unless a joint resolution of approval is enacted into law; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2009) to prohibit the Secretary of the Treasury from enforcing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010; providing for proceedings during the period from August 3, 2013, through September 6, 2013; and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2879) to provide limitations on bonuses for Federal employees during sequestration, to provide for investigative leave requirements for members of the Senior Executive Service, to establish certain procedures for conducting in-person or telephonic interactions by Executive branch employees with individuals, and for other purposes.	Reported Original Measure113th	Aug 1, 2013
HR 2809	To delay the application of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.	Referred To113th	Jul 24, 2013
HRES 315	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2218) to amend subtitle D of the Solid Waste Disposal Act to encourage recovery and beneficial use of coal combustion residuals and establish requirements for the proper management and disposal of coal combustion residuals that are protective of human health and the environment, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1582) to protect consumers by prohibiting the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from promulgating as final certain energy-related rules that are estimated to cost more than $1 billion and will cause significant adverse effects to the economy.	Reported Original Measure113th	Jul 24, 2013
HRES 312	Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2397) making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014, and for other purposes; and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2610) making appropriations for the Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014, and for other purposes.	Reported Original Measure113th	Jul 23, 2013

Hearings, markups and business meetings, newest first. Every Congress on file.

Kind	Subject	Status	Date
Meeting	H.R. 1013 – Retirement Fairness for Charities and Educational Institutions Act of 2025Capitol H-3136 documents	Scheduled	Nov 9, 2026

Meeting	H.J. Res. 210 – Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision".; H.J. Res. 213 – Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision".; H.R. 9576 – National Fraud Enforcement Division Act of 2026; H.R. 10326 – PROOF Act; Senate amendments to H.R. 5334 – Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026Capitol H-31312 documents	Scheduled	Sep 14, 2026

Meeting	Member Day Hearing on Proposed Rules Changes for the 120th CongressCapitol H-313	Scheduled	Sep 2, 2026
Meeting	H.R. 9436 – To amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to extend the time period for which certain regulation concerning the North Atlantic right whale are effective. [Northeast Lobsterman Protection Act of 2026]; H.R. 4795 – Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act of 2026; H.R. 1501 – Protecting Domestic Mining Act of 2025; H. Res. 1490 – Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes.Capitol H-31315 documents	Scheduled	Aug 31, 2026

Meeting	H.R. 7008 – Stop Insider Trading Act; H.R. 6955 – Main Street Capital Access Act; H. Con. Res. 113 – Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2027 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2028 through 2036.; H.R. 9770 – Continuing Appropriations Act, 2027; H.R. 8800 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027; H.R. 8884 – Removing Barriers to Work for Disabled Americans ActCapitol H-31334 documents	Scheduled	Jul 20, 2026

Meeting	H.R. 139 – Sunshine Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 8595 – National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027; H.R. 9237 – Take Care of America’s Veterans Act; H.R. 1181 – Protecting Privacy in Purchases ActCapitol H-31312 documents	Scheduled	Jul 13, 2026

Meeting	H.R. 8800 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027; H.R. 8884 – Removing Barriers to Work for Disabled Americans Act; H. Res. 1383 – Commemorating the one-year anniversary of the enactment of the Working Families Tax Cuts.; H.R. 8595 – National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027Capitol H-31322 documents	Scheduled	Jun 29, 2026

Meeting	H.R. 8595 – National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027; H.R. 9022 – Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027; H.R. 9237 – Take Care of America’s Veterans Act; H.R. 1181 – Protecting Privacy in Purchases ActCapitol H-31314 documents	Scheduled	Jun 23, 2026

The published transcripts, newest first, from GovInfo. Every Congress on file.

Hearing	Title	Held
—	Member Day Hearing on Proposed Rules Changes for the 120th Congress45 pagesOn H.R. 3779, H.Res. 501, H.Res. 1248	Sep 2, 2026
—	H.R. 1, One Big Beautiful Bill Act638 pagesOn H.R. 1, H.R. 1488, H.R. 2454, H.R. 2763, H.Res. 445 and 5 more	May 21, 2025
—	Member Day Hearing on Proposed Rules Changes for the 119th Congress83 pagesOn H.Con.Res. 8, H.Res. 5, H.Res. 668	Sep 19, 2024
—	MEMBERS' DAY HEARING ON PROPOSED RULES CHANGES FOR THE 118th CONGRESS76 pagesOn H.R. 1234, H.Res. 1234	Nov 29, 2022
—	Legal and Procedural Factors Related to Seating a Cherokee Nation Delegate in the U.S. House of Representatives96 pages	Nov 16, 2022
—	Right to Repair: Legislative and Budgetary Solutions to Unfair Restrictions on Repair79 pagesOn H.R. 4006	Sep 21, 2022
—	Tools to Combat Gun Trafficking and Reduce Gun Violence in Our Communities136 pagesOn H.R. 194, H.R. 4423	Jun 15, 2022
—	Member Day Hearing on Proxy Voting and Remote Committee Proceedings as Established by H. Res. 965 of the 116th Congress [original Jurisdiction Hearing]144 pagesOn H.Res. 965, H.Res. 965	Mar 17, 2022

The committee's written reports, most on a bill it sent to the floor. Every Congress on file.

Report	Title	Issued
H. Rept. 119-878	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 1013) to Amend the Federal Securities Laws to Enhance 403(B) Plans, and for Other PurposesOn H.Res. 1650	Nov 9, 2026
H. Rept. 119-825	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9576) to Establish the National Fraud Enforcement Division of the Department of Justice; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 10326) to Enhance Information-Sharing Capabilities Between Federal Law Enforcement and State Agencies to Detect, Investigate, and Prosecute Fraud in Certain Federal Programs, and to Protect Individual Privacy; Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.j. Res. 210) Providing for Congressional Disapproval Under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of the Rule Submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency Relating to ‘‘california State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At- Berth; Notice of Decision’’; Providing for Consideration of the Joint Resolution (H.j. Res. 213) Providing for Congressional Disapproval Under Chapter 8 of Title 5, United States Code, of the Rule Issued by the Environmental Protection Agency Relating to the ‘‘california State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision’’; and Providing for Consideration of the Senate Amendments to the Bill (H.r. 5334) to Amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to Allow Early Childhood Educators to Take the Educator Expense Deduction, and for Other PurposesOn H.Res. 1530	Sep 14, 2026
H. Rept. 119-785	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 1501) to Amend the Fast Act to Include Certain Mineral Production Activities as a Covered Project, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9436) to Amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to Extend the Time Period for Which Certain Regulations Concerning the North Atlantic Right Whale Are Effective; Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 1490) Providing for the Condemnation and Denouncement of Socialism in All Its Forms, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 4795) to Amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to Prohibit an Institution That Participates in a Nonexpressive Commercial Boycott of Israel from Being Eligible for Certain Funds Under That Act, to Require an Institution That Participates in Certain Programs Under That Act to Certify That Students Are Not Unreasonably Obstructed from Participating in Academic Programs in Israel, and for Other Purposes; and Relating to Consideration of Motions to Suspend the RulesOn H.Res. 1499	Aug 31, 2026
H. Rept. 119-755	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8800) to Authorize Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2027 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Military Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8884) to Amend Title II of the Social Security Act to Reauthorize Demonstration Authority for the Disability Insurance Program; Providing for Consideration of the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 113) Establishing the Congressional Budget for the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2027 and Setting Forth the Appropriate Budgetary Levels for Fiscal Years 2028 Through 2036; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 7008) to Amend Chapter 131 of Title 5 to Require Certain Restrictions on Stocks for Members of Congress and Their Spouses and Dependents, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 6955) to Make Improvements to the Federal Banking Laws, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9770) Making Continuing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2027, and for Other Purposes; and for Other PurposesOn H.Res. 1438	Jul 20, 2026
H. Rept. 119-749	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 139) to Make Daylight Savings Time Permanent, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8595) Making Appropriations for National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2027, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9237) to Amend Titles 10 and 38, United States Code, and Other Federal Laws, to Improve Benefits for Veterans and the Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 1181) to Prohibit Payment Card Networks and Covered Entities from Requiring the Use of or Assigning Merchant Category Codes That Distinguish a Firearms Retailer from General-Merchandise Retailer or Sporting-Goods Retailer, and for Other Purposes; and for Other PurposesOn H.Res. 1423	Jul 13, 2026
H. Rept. 119-718	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8800) to Authorize Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2027 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Military Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8595) Making Appropriations for National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2027, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8884) to Amend Title II of the Social Security Act to Reauthorize Demonstration Authority for the Disability Insurance Program; Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 1383) Commemorating the One-Year Anniversary of the Enactment of the Working Families Tax Cuts; and for Other PurposesOn H.Res. 1398	Jun 30, 2026
H. Rept. 119-707	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 1181) to Prohibit Payment Card Networks and Covered Entities from Requiring the Use of or Assigning Merchant Category Codes That Distinguish a Firearms Retailer from General-Merchandise Retailer or Sporting-Goods Retailer, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9022) Making Appropriations for Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2027, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8595) Making Appropriations for National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2027, and for Other Purposes; and Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 9237) to Amend Titles 10 and 38, United States Code, and Other Federal Laws, to Improve Benefits for Veterans and the Administration of the Department of Veterans AffairsOn H.Res. 1377	Jun 23, 2026
H. Rept. 119-690	Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8312) to Establish Fraud Prevention and Program Integrity Functions and Data Sharing Authorities Within the Department of Treasury and a Permanent Governmentwide Inspector General for Fraud, Accountability, and Recovery, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.r. 8464) to Amend Title 31, United States Code, to Authorize Pausing and Segmenting Payments, and for Other Purposes; Providing for Consideration of the Resolution (H. Res. 1335) Condemning Actors Seeking to Defraud the United States Government, and Expressing the Sense of the House of Representatives That Governmentwide Fraud and Improper Payment Prevention Reforms Will Meaningfully Improve the Financial Prosperity of the United States, and That Federal Program Eligibility Should Be Verified Before Payment; and Providing for Consideration of the Bill (S. 2) to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of S. Con. Res. 33On H.Res. 1345	Jun 8, 2026

Reports, rules and messages sent to Congress by agencies and the President, and petitions and memorials, referred to this committee. Newest first. Every Congress on file.

Number	Communication	Referred
ML-10	The SPEAKER presented a memorial of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, relative to House Resolution No. 147, to urge Congress to establish a special committee to investigate the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment and the federal Environmental Protection Agency's response to it.; to the Committee on Rules.Memorial	Jul 21, 2025
PT-58	The SPEAKER presented a petition of Mr. Gregory D. Watson, a citizen of Austin, TX, relative to urging Congress to enact federal legislation which would require (1) a simple vote of the full U.S. House of Representatives before any impeachment-related activity may commence; (2) that the target of formal impeachment proceedings and/or that target's legal representatives, be permitted to produce supportive witnesses and to examine or cross-examine any witness; (3) that the target of impeachment-related activities be allowed representation of legal counsel; (4) etc..; to the Committee on Rules.Petition	Nov 5, 2019
PT-68	The SPEAKER presented a petition of State Senator Laura Murphy, relative to Senate Resolution No. 546, supporting the priority of the United States to bring every fallen service member home; jointly to the Committees on Rules and Armed Services.Petition	Dec 1, 2017
ML-92	The SPEAKER presented a memorial of the Legislature of the State of Utah, relative to House Joint Resolution 17, urging the President of the United States and Congress to recognize state authority and take action to restore power to the states; jointly to the Committees on the Judiciary, Rules, the Budget, and Oversight and Government Reform.Memorial	Jul 10, 2017
EC-1486	A letter from the Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, Department of Defense, transmitting the draft of proposed legislation titled the "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018",; jointly to the Committees on Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Oversight and Government Reform, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Natural Resources, Foreign Affairs, the Budget, the Judiciary, and Rules.Executive communication · Department of Defense	Jun 2, 2017
PT-20	The SPEAKER presented a petition of the Board of Chosen Freeholders, Hudson County, New Jersey, relative to Resolution No. 26-01-2017, urging the Congress and President-Elect of the United States not to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; jointly to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Education and the Workforce, Ways and Means, Appropriations, the Judiciary, Natural Resources, House Administration, and Rules.Petition	Feb 28, 2017
PT-14	The SPEAKER presented a petition of the City Council of Akron, OH, relative to Resolution No. 15-2017, urging the Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell not to repeal the Affordable Care Act as this law has been so important for the health and wellbeing of Akron residents; jointly to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, the Judiciary, Natural Resources, House Administration, Rules, and Appropriations.Petition	Feb 13, 2017
EC-4683	A letter from the Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs, Department of Defense, transmitting the draft of proposed legislation entitled the "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017"; jointly to the Committees on Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, House Administration, the Judiciary, Natural Resources, and Rules.Executive communication	Mar 21, 2016

Reference documents the committee published: studies, compilations of law, rules. Every Congress on file.

Print	Title	Text
H. Prt. 119-9	Text of H.R. 1047, the Guaranteeing Reliability Through the Interconnection of Dispatchable Power ActOn H.R. 1047	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-8	Text of H.R. 3838, the Streamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026On H.R. 3838	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-6	Text of H.R. 3633, Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025On H.R. 3633	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-5	Text of H.R. _______, Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-4	Text of H.R. 2483, Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act of 2025On H.R. 2483	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-32	Rules Committee Print 119-32On H.R. 7677, H.R. 7720, H.R. 7721, H.R. 7722, H.R. 7723 and 3 more	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-31	Rules Committee Print 119-31 Text of H.R. 7892, the No Aid for Ghost Students Act of 2026On H.R. 7891, H.R. 7892	PDF · Text
H. Prt. 119-30	Rules Committee Print 119-30On H.R. 7677, H.R. 7720, H.R. 7721, H.R. 7722, H.R. 7723 and 3 more	PDF · Text

By Congress

The committee's record in each Congress on file. Choose one to see the page as it stood then: its members, subcommittees and record. A dash means the official source has nothing that early, not that the committee did nothing.

Congress	Members	Bills referred	Reported	Became law	Reports	Meetings	Printed hearings	Communications	Prints
119th2025–2026, sitting	13	305	63	0	63	66	2	1	33
118th2023–2024	14	284	68	1	69	73	1	0	54
117th2021–2022	15	262	80	2	81	83	9	0	76
116th2019–2020	14	245	80	2	81	77	5	1	73
115th2017–2018	14	290	143	1	144	126	0	5	89
114th2015–2016	13	287	131	1	132	78	2	2	71
113th2013–2014	13	258	107	1	109	49	0	—	59
112th2011–2012	13	305	137	1	141	0	1	—	36
111th2009–2010	16	365	165	2	166	—	3	—	6
110th2007–2008	13	392	223	2	224	—	1	—	1
109th2005–2006	13	341	198	1	199	—	0	—	3
108th2003–2004	14	287	193	0	194	—	2	—	0
107th2001–2002	15	269	192	0	193	—	0	—	0

Earlier subcommittees 2

Subcommittees this committee once had, under their last names, with the Congresses they sat. Each has its own record.

Expedited Procedures 116th to 117th Congress
Technology and the House 107th to 108th Congress

Membership changes 25

Who joined, left or changed role after the committee was first filled, newest first, each with the official record.

Date	Member	Change	Record
Apr 11, 2024	Austin Scott R-GA	Joined	H.Res. 1133
Apr 11, 2024	Tom Cole R-OK	No longer Member	H.Res. 1133
Apr 11, 2024	Michael C. Burgess R-TX	Became Chair	H.Res. 1133
May 12, 2021	Joe Neguse D-CO	Joined	H.Res. 384
Mar 19, 2021	Alcee L. Hastings D-FL	Left Congress	Last recorded vote
Apr 22, 2020	Mark DeSaulnier D-CA	Resigned from the committee	Congressional Record, H1903
Apr 22, 2020	Doris O. Matsui D-CA	Joined	H.Res. 934
Feb 13, 2019	Doris O. Matsui D-CA	Resigned from the committee	Congressional Record, H1558
Feb 13, 2019	Mark DeSaulnier D-CA	Joined	H.Res. 125
Apr 11, 2018	Norma J. Torres D-CA	Joined	H.Res. 816
Mar 15, 2018	Louise McIntosh Slaughter D-NY	Left Congress	Last recorded vote
Apr 14, 2015	Dan Newhouse R-WA	Joined	H.Res. 199
Apr 14, 2015	Bradley Byrne R-AL	Joined	H.Res. 199
Jun 14, 2011	Tom Reed R-NY	Resigned from the committee	Congressional Record, H4108
Apr 5, 2011	Tom Reed R-NY	Joined	H.Res. 202
Mar 16, 2005	Doris O. Matsui D-CA	Joined	H.Res. 161
Jan 26, 2005	James P. McGovern D-MA	Joined	H.Res. 49
Jan 26, 2005	Alcee L. Hastings D-FL	Joined	H.Res. 49
Sep 29, 2004	Adam H. Putnam R-FL	No longer Member	H.Res. 806
Sep 23, 2004	Porter J. Goss R-FL	Left Congress	Last recorded vote
May 7, 2002	Tony P. Hall D-OH	Resigned from the committee	Congressional Record, H2113
May 7, 2002	James P. McGovern D-MA	Joined	H.Res. 413
Jun 19, 2001	Alcee L. Hastings D-FL	Joined	H.Res. 170
Jun 19, 2001	James P. McGovern D-MA	No longer Member	H.Res. 169
May 26, 2001	John Joseph Moakley D-MA	Left Congress	Last recorded vote

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Everything here is as published by Congress. Seats run from the 107th Congress, dated by the resolutions that made them and the Congressional Record; referrals and nominations from the 107th; meetings from the 112th. A committee older than that shows less than it has done. Records come from Congress.gov, GovInfo and the House and Senate.