Small Business Jobs and Tax Relief Act of 2010 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) extend through 2011 bonus depreciation for certain depreciable business property; (2) extend through 2010 the election to accelerate the alternative minimum tax (AMT) and research tax credits in lieu of bonus depreciation; (3) increase in 2010, 2011, and 2012, the tax deduction for business start-up expenditures; (4) remove restrictions on the tax deduction for employee use of cellular telephones; (5) revise the definition of "qualified nonrecourse financing" to include qualified nonrecourse real property or Small Business Investment Company financing as amounts at risk for purposes of determining the deductibility of losses from certain investment activities, including farming, leasing, and energy exploration; and (6) allow a 100% exclusion from gross income in 2010 of gain from the sale of qualified small business stock.