HJRES 28 · 119th Congress 2025–2027

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Introduced Jan 22, 2025 Originated House Sponsor Dusty Johnson R-SD

Fact sheet Spreadsheet

Latest action · Jan 22, 2025 Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Progress

Where this resolution reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.

  1. IntroducedJan 22, 2025
  2. Passed HouseNot reached
  3. Passed SenateNot reached
  4. To the PresidentNot reached
  5. Became lawNot reached

Summary

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment requiring the Supreme Court to consist of nine Justices.

Cosponsors 108

Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Jan 22, 2025 to Jun 15, 2026; 72 are original cosponsors, there from the day it was introduced.

SeatCosponsorSigned on
R-NEAdrian SmithOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TNAndrew OglesOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NYAndrew R. GarbarinoOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-AZAndy BiggsOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-GAAustin ScottOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-ALBarry MooreOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXBeth Van DuyneOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MIBill HuizengaOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MNBrad FinstadOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KYBrett GuthrieOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLByron DonaldsOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TNCharles J. "Chuck" FleischmannOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NYClaudia TenneyOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXDan CrenshawOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLDaniel WebsterOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-CADarrell IssaOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NCDavid RouzerOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KSDerek SchmidtOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TNDiana HarshbargerOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NEDon BaconOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-INErin HouchinOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-WIGlenn GrothmanOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-PAGlenn ThompsonOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KYHarold RogersOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-WYHarriet M. HagemanOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-ARJ. French HillOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-SCJoe WilsonOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLJohn H. RutherfordOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MIJohn R. MoolenaarOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TNJohn W. RoseOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-AZJuan CiscomaniOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-LAJulia LetlowOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLKat CammackOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-CAKen CalvertOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLMaria Elvira SalazarOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MOMark AlfordOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NVMark E. AmodeiOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-ILMary E. MillerOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-OHMax L. MillerOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MSMichael GuestOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NYMichael LawlerOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MNMichelle FischbachOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MSMike EzellOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NEMike FloodOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXMonica De La CruzOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXNathaniel MoranOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLNeal P. DunnOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NYNick LaLotaOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NYNicole MalliotakisOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NCPat HarriganOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXPete SessionsOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-IARandy FeenstraOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXRandy K. Weber, Sr.OriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NCRichard HudsonOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-ALRobert B. AderholtOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KSRon EstesOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-TXRonny JacksonOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-INRudy Yakym IIIOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-IDRuss FulcherOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-SCRussell FryOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MTRyan K. ZinkeOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-WIScott FitzgeraldOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLScott FranklinOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-PAScott PerryOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-OKStephanie I. BiceOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KYThomas MassieOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-KSTracey MannOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-MSTrent KellyOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-OHTroy BaldersonOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-FLVern BuchananOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NCVirginia FoxxOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-SCWilliam R. Timmons IVOriginalJan 22, 2025
R-NCAddison P. McDowellJan 23, 2025
R-NCChuck EdwardsJan 28, 2025
R-MIJohn JamesJan 28, 2025
R-SCRalph NormanFeb 4, 2025
R-AZAbraham J. HamadehFeb 7, 2025
R-AZDavid SchweikertFeb 10, 2025
R-AZElijah CraneFeb 10, 2025
R-INJefferson ShreveFeb 10, 2025
R-NCGregory F. MurphyFeb 14, 2025
R-OHMichael R. TurnerFeb 14, 2025
R-NCBrad KnottFeb 21, 2025
R-WIThomas P. TiffanyFeb 21, 2025
R-NCTim MooreFeb 21, 2025
R-SCSheri BiggsFeb 25, 2025
R-NCMark HarrisMar 14, 2025
R-ALGary J. PalmerMar 24, 2025
R-CAJay ObernolteMar 24, 2025
R-GAMike CollinsMar 26, 2025
R-NYElise M. StefanikApr 7, 2025
R-MDAndy HarrisApr 28, 2025
R-CADavid G. ValadaoJun 3, 2025
R-GABrian JackJun 17, 2025
R-GABarry LoudermilkJun 25, 2025
R-CAVince FongJun 25, 2025
R-TXCraig A. GoldmanJul 15, 2025
R-CAYoung KimJul 29, 2025
R-FLLaurel M. LeeSep 2, 2025
R-GAEarl L. "Buddy" CarterSep 9, 2025
R-FLGus M. BilirakisSep 11, 2025
R-IAAshley HinsonOct 10, 2025
R-MITom BarrettJan 20, 2026
R-FLMike HaridopolosMar 30, 2026
R-VAJohn J. McGuire IIIMay 29, 2026
R-WAMichael BaumgartnerMay 29, 2026
R-ALDale W. StrongJun 4, 2026
R-IAMariannette Miller-MeeksJun 15, 2026

Committees 1

Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.

ChamberCommitteeWhat it did
HouseJudiciary Committee
Referred Jan 22, 2025

Actions 2

Everything that happened, newest first.

  1. Jan 22, 2025Introduced in House
  2. Jan 22, 2025Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Research

What has been written about this resolution: committee reports, cost estimates, the sponsor’s authority statement, printed hearings and the Congressional Research Service’s work.

Constitutional authority

Congress has the power to enact this legislation pursuant to the following: Article V of the Constitution of the United States

The sponsor’s statement, as printed in the Congressional Record, vol. 171, no. 13, January 22, 2025, page H301.

Related bills 5

Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.

BillTitleRelationshipLatest action
HJRES 8Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.Cross-Congress related billJan 9, 2023
SJRES 9A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.Cross-Congress related billMar 1, 2021
HJRES 11Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.Cross-Congress related billMar 4, 2021
SJRES 16A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.Identical billFeb 6, 2025
SJRES 21A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.Cross-Congress related billMar 22, 2023

Titles 1

Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.

Official Title as Introduced
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Subjects

Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Law.

Text 1

Each version as it was printed, newest first.

  1. Jan 22, 2025Introduced in House

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Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this resolution on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.