A joint resolution expressing the sense of Congress that the article of amendment commonly known as the "Equal Rights Amendment" has been validly ratified and is enforceable as the 28th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and the Archivist of the United States must certify and publish the Equal Rights Amendment as the 28th Amendment without delay.
Latest action · Jul 27, 2023 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Progress
Where this resolution reached, and when. A stage with no date was not reached; one that failed a vote and later carried shows the date it carried.
- IntroducedJul 27, 2023
- Passed SenateNot reached
- Passed HouseNot reached
- To the PresidentNot reached
- Became lawNot reached
Summary
This joint resolution expresses the sense of Congress that the Equal Rights Amendment, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, was ratified by more than three-fourths of the states and is therefore a valid constitutional amendment, effective January 27, 2020 (the date of Virginia's ratification).
The Equal Rights Amendment was originally proposed to the states in 1972. The original proposal included a deadline for ratification of March 22, 1979; Congress subsequently extended the deadline to June 30, 1982. Although the requisite 38 states have ratified the amendment, three of these states did so after the deadlines, and five states subsequently rescinded their ratifications. The status of the amendment has been the subject of litigation.
Cosponsors 30
Members who signed on, in the order they did. Signatures ran from Jul 27, 2023 to Nov 20, 2024; 20 are original cosponsors, there from the day it was introduced.
| Seat | Cosponsor | Signed on | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-CA | Alex Padilla | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-MD | Benjamin L. Cardin | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| I-VT | Bernard Sanders | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-MD | Chris Van Hollen | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-NJ | Cory A. Booker | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-CA | Dianne Feinstein | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-MA | Edward J. Markey | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-MA | Elizabeth Warren | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-OR | Jeff Merkley | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-NM | Martin Heinrich | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-HI | Mazie K. Hirono | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-WA | Patty Murray | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-VT | Peter Welch | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-CT | Richard Blumenthal | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-NJ | Robert Menendez | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-OR | Ron Wyden | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-OH | Sherrod Brown | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-WI | Tammy Baldwin | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-IL | Tammy Duckworth | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-VA | Tim Kaine | Original | Jul 27, 2023 |
| D-IL | Richard J. Durbin | Oct 30, 2023 | |
| D-CA | Laphonza R. Butler | Jan 30, 2024 | |
| D-MI | Debbie Stabenow | Apr 11, 2024 | |
| D-NV | Catherine Cortez Masto | Jun 11, 2024 | |
| D-NV | Jacky Rosen | Jun 20, 2024 | |
| D-GA | Jon Ossoff | Jul 23, 2024 | |
| D-MI | Gary C. Peters | Aug 1, 2024 | |
| D-GA | Raphael G. Warnock | Sep 12, 2024 | |
| D-NH | Jeanne Shaheen | Nov 12, 2024 | |
| D-NM | Ben Ray Luján | Nov 20, 2024 |
Committees 1
Where it was sent and what each committee and subcommittee did with it, in order.
| Chamber | Committee | What it did |
|---|---|---|
| Senate | Judiciary Committee | Referred Jul 27, 2023 |
Actions 2
Everything that happened, newest first.
- Jul 27, 2023Introduced in Senate
- Jul 27, 2023Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Related bills 1
Companion bills and other measures the record links to this one.
Titles 1
Every title it has carried, official and short, at each stage.
- Official Title as Introduced
- A joint resolution expressing the sense of Congress that the article of amendment commonly known as the "Equal Rights Amendment" has been validly ratified and is enforceable as the 28th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and the Archivist of the United States must certify and publish the Equal Rights Amendment as the 28th Amendment without delay.
Subjects
Assigned by the Library of Congress. Policy area: Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues.
Text 1
Each version as it was printed, newest first.
- Jul 27, 2023Introduced in Senate
Everything here is as published by Congress: the summary is the Congressional Research Service's, the action wording is the clerks', and the subjects are the Library of Congress's. How far it got is read from the actions themselves, taking the most recent one of each kind, so a bill that failed a vote and later passed is shown as having passed. Records come from this resolution on Congress.gov and govinfo.gov; cost estimates are the Congressional Budget Office's, and the hearings are the printed hearings GovInfo publishes, which can appear months after the hearing.
