Technology Deployment and Early-Stage Business Investment Act of 2010 - Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish a technology deployment and early-stage business investment grant program under which the Secretary makes grants to business accelerators (public or private nonprofit institutions, including academic institutions) to support the development of early-stage businesses in specified industries. Limits grants to $5 million per accelerator. Requires the Secretary to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of each accelerator under the program.