Early-Stage Business Investment and Incubation Act of 2010 - Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish an early-stage business investment and incubation grant program (program) to support the development of early-stage businesses engaged primarily in the research, development, manufacturing, production, or marketing of specified technologies, aerospace, communications, or transportation. Limits individual grants to $5 million. Requires each grant recipient under the program to: (1) designate an individual as the grant fund manager; (2) establish a grant investment committee; and (3) assign to each assisted business a grant collaborator. Directs the Secretary to monitor and evaluate program effectiveness.