Responsible Railroads Act of 2004 - Amends Federal transportation law to prohibit a rail tank car containing hazardous materials from being transported or stored on rail tracks unless information identifying the tank car, the hazardous materials within such tank car, and response guidance is immediately available through Operation Respond Institute's technology or similar technology to local first responders in each location where the tank car may be located. Authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to provide an exception to such prohibition if no data base exists through which the requirement can be met.