Coast Guard Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 - (Sec. 2) Authorizes appropriations for FY 2005 for the Coast Guard (CG), under the categories of: (1) operation and maintenance, earmarking a portion from the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (Fund) for certain purposes under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA purposes); (2) acquisition, construction, rebuilding, and improvement of aids to navigation, shore and offshore facilities, vessels, and aircraft, including related equipment, earmarking a portion from the Fund for OPA purposes, and another portion for the Integrated Deepwater System program; (3) research, development, test, and evaluation of technologies, materials, and human factors directly relating to improving CG performance in search and rescue, aids to navigation, marine safety, marine environmental protection, enforcement of laws and treaties, ice operations, oceanographic research, and defense readiness, earmarking a portion from the Fund for OPA purposes; (4) retired pay, payments under the Retired Serviceman's Family Protection and Survivor Benefit Plans, and payments for medical care of retired personnel and their dependents; (5) alteration or removal of bridges constituting obstructions to navigation, and personnel and administrative costs associated with the Bridge Alteration Program; (6) environmental compliance and restoration at CG facilities; and (7) maintenance and operation of CG Reserve facilities, supplies, equipment, and services.
(Sec. 3) Authorizes a CG end-of-year strength of 45,500 active duty military personnel for FY 2005. Authorizes average military training student loads for FY 2005 in specified numbers under the categories of recruit/special, flight, professional, and officer.