Nanotechnology Safety Act of 2010 - Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a program for the scientific investigation of nanoscale materials included or intended for inclusion in FDA-regulated products to address: (1) the potential toxicology of such materials; (2) the effects of such materials on biological systems; and (3) the interaction of such materials with biological systems.