Emergency Action for Vulnerable Children Act - Entitles each state which makes foster care maintenance payments on behalf of foster children in areas affected by Hurricane Katrina, for a 12-month period beginning with September 2005, to payments equal to its total expenditures for: (1) such children in foster family homes or child care institutions; and (2) provision of child placement services, plan administration, or services to improve the children's well-being (as the Secretary of Health and Human Services finds necessary).