Improving Efficiency and Quality in Hospitals Act of 2004 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to allow the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, to make grants to hospitals for developing and implementing measurement-based strategies to improve the quality and efficiency of health care. Requires hospitals to use the grants to improve safety, injury avoidance, the effectiveness of services, timeliness, efficiency, and the equitable distribution of services. Requires the Secretary to provide such grants to urban hospitals, non-urban hospitals, teaching hospitals, and hospitals with fewer than 50 acute care beds.