2nd Quarter - Report

AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FED for AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FED

Firm
Client
Income
—
Expenses
$967,914
Expense method
A: Lobbying Disclosure Act definitions

What was lobbied

20 issue areas, each in the filer's own words, with who lobbied on it and where.

Communications/Broadcasting/Radio/TV COM

Promoting the availability of diverse and independent sources of Video Programming

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
RONALD JOSEPH KARNEY —
DALE W MOORE —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); U.S. Forest Service; Executive Office of the President (EOP); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Labor, Dept of (DOL); SENATE

Trade (domestic/foreign) TRD

Support for the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). Actively working to educate and gather support in Congress to achieve passage of this trade agreement. Support for normalizing trade and travel relations with Cuba. Actively working to educate and gather support for various pieces of legislation that address agricultural trade relations with Cuba. Supporting appropriations to fund USDA personnel in Cuba to assist with improvements to agricultural trade. Actively working on the agriculture related sections of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations between the U.S. and the European Union with the Office of the US Trade Representative USTR) and with the USDA

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
DAVID J SALMONSEN —
VERONICA NIGH SWERDLOW —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); SENATE; U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Agriculture AGR

Whole Farm Revenue Program Crop Insurance Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) Price Loss Coverage (PLC) Environmental Quality Incentive Program APHIS-Support implements to disease surveillance response and indemnity programs AMS - Beef check off reforms (information notice on AMS effort to standardize formulas for calculating fees) Wetland Conservation Compliance (offsite wetland determinations and prior converted cropland determinations)

Contacted: U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Executive Office of the President (EOP); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; U.S. Forest Service; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); SENATE; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Transportation TRA

Drones/Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) research and usage by farmers and ranchers FMCSA rule on Hours of Service (HOS)-livestock exemption S.808-Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act of 2014 H.R.5021-Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014 (supports inclusion of Senate PATH provisions in H.R.5021) Future highway and transportation funding Small UAS NPRM Support H.R.22 Fast ACT Expanded covered Farm vehicle exemptions Support PTC Extension Support WRDA (Water Resources Development Act)

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
RONALD JOSEPH KARNEY —
DALE W MOORE —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —

Contacted: Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; U.S. Forest Service; SENATE; Labor, Dept of (DOL); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

Bills named: H.R. 5021 (114th), H.R. 22 (114th), S. 808 (114th)

Taxation/Internal Revenue Code TAX

Support Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel Tax Credit Support Cash Accounting Support Renewable Energy Tax Credit Support Renewable Energy Tax Credits Short Line Railroad Maintenance Credit (S. 2595 and H.R. 4626: Building Rail Access for Customers and the Economy Act or BRACE Act) Support Like Kind Exchange (Section 1031) Support Reduced Capital Gains Taxes Support Estate Tax Repeal Marketplace Fairness Act (S. 698) and Remote Transactions Parity Act of 2015 (H.R. 2775) Cost Recovery and Depreciation Issues S. 183 & H.R. 928 (S. 183: Jobs and Premium Protection Act, H.R. 928: To repeal the annual fee on health insurance providers enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.) Repeal Health Insurance Tax Extend Bonus Depreciation

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —
PATRICIA A WOLFF —
RYAN RANDOLPH YATES —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: SENATE; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Executive Office of the President (EOP); U.S. Forest Service; Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Bills named: S. 183 (114th), H.R. 928 (114th), S. 2595 (114th), H.R. 2775 (114th), H.R. 4626 (114th), S. 698 (114th)

Budget/Appropriations BUD

Agriculture, FDA Appropriations Interior Appropriations Labor Appropriations OSHA PMS Ag retailer exemption H-2A Appropriations requests Section 514 Housing Appropriations

Contacted: Food & Drug Administration (FDA); SENATE; Labor, Dept of (DOL); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Forest Service; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Health Issues HCR

Support H.R. 2575 - Save American Workers Act Support S. 2881 - Simplifying Technical Aspects Regarding Seasonality (STARS) Act of 2014 Support H.R. 5213 - Simplifying Technical Aspects Regarding Seasonality (STARS) Act of 2014 Support H.R. 5392 -The Fairness for Farmers Act to exclude H-2A workers from the PPACA employer mandate Support HR 763 - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Support HR 3367 - to delay Section 09010 of PPACA Support S. 603 - Jobs and Premiums Protection Act

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
KRISTI J BOSWELL —
DALE W MOORE —
PATRICIA A WOLFF —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: U.S. Forest Service; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Labor, Dept of (DOL); SENATE; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Executive Office of the President (EOP)

Bills named: H.R. 3367 (114th), H.R. 763 (114th), S. 603 (114th), H.R. 5213 (114th), S. 2881 (114th), H.R. 5392 (114th), H.R. 2575 (114th)

Chemicals/Chemical Industry CHM

Support health of honeybees while ensuring access to crop protection tools Combating antibiotic resistance

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
TRUDY WASTWEET —

Contacted: U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Labor, Dept of (DOL); U.S. Forest Service; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); SENATE; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Executive Office of the President (EOP)

Government Issues GOV

H.R.367-Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act H.R.1493-Sunshine for Regulatory Decrees and Settlements Act H.R.2122-Regulatory Accountability Act H.R.2641-the Responsibly and Professional Invigorating Development (RAPID) Act H.R.2919-Open Book on Equal Access to Justice Act H.R.2542-Regulatory Flexibility Improvements Act H.R.4874-the Searching for and Cutting Regulations that are Unnecessarily Burdensome(SCRUB)Act

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
DON PARRISH —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: Executive Office of the President (EOP); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Forest Service; Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); SENATE; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Labor, Dept of (DOL); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Bills named: H.R. 2641 (114th), H.R. 2542 (114th), H.R. 2919 (114th), H.R. 4874 (114th), H.R. 1493 (114th), H.R. 367 (114th), H.R. 2122 (114th)

Food Industry (safety, labeling, etc.) FOO

FSMA - Cooperative agreement, Produce Safety Rule AMS - Beef Check Off and other Check Offs Regulating the use and labeling of genetically modified (GM) food products Preventative measures for food-borne illnesses Support H.R. 4432 - Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act Support S.2609 - amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to require the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a national voluntary labeling standard for bioengineered foods, and for other purposes.

Contacted: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); SENATE; Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Bills named: H.R. 4432 (114th), S. 2609 (114th)

Real Estate/Land Use/Conservation RES

Support H.R.1667-21st Century Endangered Species Transparency Act Support H.R.3162-Endangered Species Recovrey Transparency Act Support H.R.2352-State, Tribal and Local Species Transparency and Recovery Act Support H.R.2109-Endangered Species Litigation Reasonableness Act

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
DANIELLE D'ANA QUIST —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
RYAN RANDOLPH YATES —

Contacted: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); SENATE; U.S. Forest Service; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers)

Bills named: H.R. 1667 (114th), H.R. 3162 (114th), H.R. 2109 (114th), H.R. 2352 (114th)

Clean Air and Water (quality) CAW

Support S. 2526/ H.R. 4957 Commonsense Legislative Exceptional Events Reform (CLEER) Act S. 1000 - Chesapeake Bay Accountability and Recovery Act of 2013 H.R.935 - Support "Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2014, to amend FIFRA and the Clean Water Act Oppose "Climate Action Plan" Oppose EPAs TMDL vision strategy National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Support water rights protection Act, S982, HR 1830 Oppose OZONE Regulations

Contacted: Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; SENATE; U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Labor, Dept of (DOL)

Bills named: H.R. 1830 (114th), S. 1000 (114th), H.R. 4957 (114th), H.R. 935 (114th), S. 2526 (114th)

Natural Resources NAT

Oppose Groundwater Resource Management Directive Support expansion of H.R.1667. to increase transparency of ESA Oppose U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service effort to modify ESA critical habitat designation process Support Prelisting conservation actions H.R.2647, Resilient Federal Forests Act (Support) Grazing Improvement Act (passed, signed law) H.R. 3946-Protecting Local Communities from Executive Overreach Act S2004-A bill to amend section 320301 of title 54, United States Code, to modify the authority of the President of the United States to declare national monuments, and for other purposes.

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
DANIELLE D'ANA QUIST —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
RYAN RANDOLPH YATES —

Contacted: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; U.S. Forest Service; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); SENATE; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

Bills named: H.R. 3946 (114th), H.R. 1667 (114th), H.R. 2647 (114th)

Railroads RRR

Reduce Frequency of Railroad Delays Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act Support Positive Train Control Extension Support S808-Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization Act of 2015

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —

Contacted: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Forest Service; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; SENATE; Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

Telecommunications TEC

Support FCCs creation of the Connect America Fund (CAF) to increase rural broadband services. Expanding the Economic & Innovation Opportunities of spectrum through Incentive Spectrum

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
RONALD JOSEPH KARNEY —
DALE W MOORE —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); SENATE; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); U.S. Forest Service; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Energy/Nuclear ENG

Support Renewable Fuel Standard Support Production Tax Credits for Renewable Fuels and Renewable Energy

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —
PATRICIA A WOLFF —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: SENATE; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Executive Office of the President (EOP); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Forest Service; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)

Immigration IMM

General Immigration Reform H.R.1147 Legal Workforce Act H-2A, Administration/Delays/HDS/USCIS Objections to overuse of I-9 audits and targeted ICE enforcement H.R. 1773-Ag Act

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
KRISTI J BOSWELL —
CODY LYON —
DALE W MOORE —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: Executive Office of the President (EOP); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); SENATE; Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Forest Service

Bills named: H.R. 1773 (114th), H.R. 1147 (114th)

Animals ANI

Reducing honeybee losses while ensuring availability of crop protection tools General concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and use of antibiotics in animals General concerns on welfare of livestock, humane slaughter and transportation

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
JOHN DANIEL ANDERSON —
DALE W MOORE —
PAUL SCHLEGEL —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —
TRUDY WASTWEET —

Contacted: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); SENATE; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Labor, Dept of (DOL)

Labor Issues/Antitrust/Workplace LBR

Object to Department of Labor abuse of hot good orders against specialty crop producers. H.R.4-Jobs for America Act Support H.R.1387 to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to exempt certain perishable agricultural commodities from the goods whose sale or distribution in commerce may be prohibited subsequent to FLSA violation. H.R.2575-Save American Workers Act H.R.5392-The Fairness for Farmers Act (excludes H-2A workers from the PPACA employer mandate) S.2881-Simplifying Technical Aspects Regarding Seasonality (STARS)Act of 2014 H.R.5213-Simplifying Technical Aspects Regarding Seasonality (STARS)Act of 2014 Promote farm safety OSHA Ag Retailer Process Safety Management Port Labor Issues

Contacted: Executive Office of the President (EOP); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); SENATE; U.S. Forest Service; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); Food & Drug Administration (FDA); U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers)

Bills named: H.R. 1387 (114th), H.R. 4 (114th), H.R. 5213 (114th), S. 2881 (114th), H.R. 5392 (114th), H.R. 2575 (114th)

Fuel/Gas/Oil FUE

Support Biodiesel Tax Credits Support Renewable Fuel Standard

LobbyistCovered position, as disclosed
DALE W MOORE —
VERONICA NIGH SWERDLOW —
ANDREW THOMAS WALMSLEY —
PATRICIA A WOLFF —
BOB YOUNG —

Contacted: U.S. Trade Representative (USTR); Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Labor, Dept of (DOL); Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Executive Office of the President (EOP); Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers); SENATE; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; Food & Drug Administration (FDA); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); Agriculture, Dept of (USDA); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Forest Service

Shown as published by the Senate Office of Public Records and the House Clerk under the Lobbying Disclosure Act. The official filing is the record; open it for the full form.