Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy Act of 2010 - Amends the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006 to require the Director of National Drug Control Policy to develop, submit to specified congressional committees, and make publicly available a Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy. Requires such Strategy to: (1) set forth the strategy for preventing the illegal trafficking of drugs across the U.S.-Canadian border; (2) state the specific roles and responsibilities of the relevant National Drug Control Program agencies for implementing such Strategy; (3) identify the specific resources required to implement such Strategy; (4) reflect the unique nature of small communities along the border; and (5) include a strategy to end the illegal trafficking of drugs through Indian reservations.