Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2009 - Amends Internal Revenue Code provisions relating to small business to: (1) increase and make permanent the election to expense small business assets, including computer software, in the current taxable year; (2) reduce graduated tax rates for corporations with taxable incomes of less than $10 million; (3) exempt income attributable to business tax credits from the alternative minimum tax (AMT); (4) allow five-year carrybacks for business tax credits and small business net operating losses; (5) allow an enhanced tax deduction for income attributable to small business domestic production activities; (6) reduce to five years the recognition period for the built-in gains of S corporations; (7) exclude from gross income all gain from the sale of certain small business stock before 2011; and (8) allow a deduction from the income of self-employed individuals for health insurance costs.