State Child Well-Being Research Act of 2009 - Amends part A (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) (TANF) of title IV of the Social Security Act to rename the National Survey of Children's Health conducted by the Director of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration as the Survey of Children's Health and Well-Being.
Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to: (1) modify the survey so that it may be used to better assess child well-being; and (2) establish an advisory panel to make recommendations regarding the additional matters to be addressed by the survey as well as the methods, dissemination strategies, and statistical tools necessary to conduct it as a whole.
Directs the Comptroller General to study and report to Congress on the adequacy of the methods of collecting and reporting data on deaths of children in the child welfare system.