National Economic Competitiveness and Innovation Strategy Act of 2010 - Requires the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to conduct a comprehensive study and report to Congress on the economic competitiveness and innovative capacity of the United States. Requires the report to include: (1) findings; (2) a list of the type of measurements needed to evaluate economic competitiveness and innovation over time; and (3) a national competitiveness strategy for strengthening the innovative and competitive capacity of the federal government, state and local governments, institutions of higher education, and the private sector, including proposed legislative changes and actions, specified proposed actions, and a proposal for monitoring and oversight of the government's progress in improving conditions for innovation and competitiveness.