What “Filings” means:
Each filing represents a single lobbying disclosure submitted by this registrant
on behalf of one specific client for a reporting period. A filing may reference
multiple bills, issue areas, lobbyists, and government entities.
Lobbying Activity Heatmap
Activity Overview
About reported lobbying totals:
Income (for lobbying firms) and expenses (for in-house organizations) are reported
on LD-2 filings as firm-level, good-faith quarterly totals. These figures are repeated
across client-specific filings and reflect all lobbying activity during the
reporting period; they are not itemized by client, bill, or issue and should be
interpreted only as aggregate activity.
Payments and contributions reported in LD-203 filings
LD-203 disclosures report certain payments and political contributions
reported by lobbying entities, as required under federal law.
These entries are presented as reported, without inference or adjustment.
Top Bills
What “Mentions” means:
Mentions reflect how many times this registrant explicitly referenced a bill
across its official lobbying disclosures (LD-2 filings).
Top Issue Areas
What “Activities” means:
Each activity represents a distinct lobbying issue disclosure reported by this
registrant within an official LD-2 filing. A single filing may include multiple
activities across different issue areas, reflecting the scope and intensity of
lobbying work—not just its presence.